Irene Baird

Irene Baird (April 4, 1901, Carlisle April 19, 1981, Coquitlam) was an English-Canadian novelist, journalist and civil servant. She is best known for her 1939 novel ''Waste Heritage'', a depiction of labour strife. She wrote four novels and also contributed journalism, stories, and poetry. In the early 1940s she began work for National Film Board and then the government of Canada, eventually becoming the first woman to head a federal information division.

Early life and first novel

Baird was born Irene Violet Elise Todd, on April 9, 1901, in Carlisle, England. She was the only daughter of Robert and Eva Todd, owners of a woollen mill. Her education was through a governess and ensuing boarding schools. After her father took a fly fishing trip to British Columbia, in 1919 the family relocated to Qualicum Beach, on Vancouver Island. In 1923, she married Robert Baird, an engineer, and they settled in Vancouver. They had two children, Robert (b. 1924) and June (b. 1928). In the early 1930s, Baird was the first female teacher at St. George's Boys' Anglican Private School in Vancouver.Sangster 2011, pp. 38–39.

Baird moved to Victoria in 1937.Sangster 2011, p. 40. In the same year, she published her first novel, ''John'', an elegiac character study. The central figure is John Dorey, a 62 year-old English war veteran who rejects the family wool trade. He settles on a coastal farm in Lisk, a fictional setting evidently somewhere on Vancouver Island.McLay 1988, p. 15. The book was a best-seller and frequently compared to James Hilton's novella, ''Goodbye, Mr. Chips''.

''Waste Heritage''

In 1939, Baird published ''Waste Heritage'', her second novel. It follows the aftermath of a real event in June 1938, a day known as Bloody Sunday, when police forcibly expelled unemployed men who had occupied the Vancouver Post Office for nineteen days. After the men were driven off by tear gas and clubs, some two thousand unemployed men travelled to Victoria to challenge the government.Hopkins 1986, p. 78. The protagonist of the novel is Matt Striker, twenty-two years old and a man of no fixed residence, who arrives just after the conclusion of the sit-down occupation. He befriends Eddy who has diminished mental faculties from being beaten by police.Hopkins 1986, p. 79. Matt, who suffers at times from "rage blindness," wants to take a greater role in the labour movement but is rejected due to his unpredictability. Toward the novel's end, Eddy's search for a pair of shoes leads to an altercation with a police officer. Matt intervenes and loses control, beating the policeman to death. In a remorseful panic, Eddy sacrifices himself in front of an oncoming train.Hopkins 1986, p. 79.Mason 2007.

The novel had a positive reception upon release. In 1939, Bruce Hutchison called it "one of the best books to come out of Canada in our time." A frequent comparison was made between ''Waste Heritages characters Matt and his simple friend Eddy, with George and Lennie of John Steinbeck's ''Of Mice and Men''. When viewed critically, the similarity is superficial.Mathews 1981, p. 71. Contemporary reviews also likened the novel to Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, but ''Waste Heritage'' had already been sent to its Canadian publisher, Macmillan, when Steinbeck's book appeared. The Canadian and American editions of the book differ in that some of the lines of the Canadian edition were subjected to censorship under the aegis of the War Measures Act.Mason 2006, pp. 192–194. The novel had disappointing sales and the book went out of print in 1942.Hill 2007, p. xvii. It was not to be reissued until 1973, when again it soon became unavailable for thirty years.Hill 2007, p. l. In 2007, the University of Ottawa Press published a new edition.

While Baird was politically a moderate, her novel is an effective rendering of labour unrest.McLay 1988, p. 16. No longer neglected, ''Waste Heritage'' is now considered an important work of literature.Hyman 1983, pp. 74–75.Fletcher 2014, p. 5.Sangster 2012, p. 284. It has been called the best naturalistic Canadian novel to appear from the 1930s, as well as one of the most vital social documents of the period.

War years

In 1940 and 1941, Baird gave radio addresses on the war that were published as a pamphlet, ''The North American Tradition''. In it she extolled Canadians to have the courage of the pioneers and for Canada to act as a link between England and the United States.

Baird published her third novel, ''He Rides The Sky'', in 1941. It was derived in part from actual wartime letters. The protagonist is Pilot Sergeant Pete O'Halloran, from Victoria, British Columbia, who joins the Royal Air Force in 1938. His letters to friends and family describe his training and subsequent combat missions, until the last letter sent the day before his death in April 1940. The book received good reviews as well as tributes from the air force, but sales were poor and it soon went out of print.

In 1941, Baird began writing a column for the ''Vancouver Sun'' newspaper. The following year she joined the staff of the '' Daily Province''. Not long after the National Film Board offered her a position and she moved to Ottawa. Her job entailed film distribution work in the United States, and she worked under supervision of the Canadian ambassador and Lester Pearson, then with the Canadian delegation at the United Nations.Sangster 2011, pp. 43–44. By the end of the war, Baird and her husband had effectively separated, although they never legally divorced.Sangster 2011, p. 45. In 1945, she became the National Film Board representative and information officer in the Canadian consulate in Mexico City. Baird was fluent in French and quickly learned Spanish.Sangster 2011, p. 46.

Civil Servant

Baird lost her film board position in 1947 when she was accused of being a communist by the Minister of National Revenue, James McCann. She was soon rehired as the first information officer in the Department of Mines and Resources.Sangster 2011, p. 49. In 1962, she became the first woman to lead an information division in the federal government.Sangster 2011, p. 53. Her office, as part of the renamed Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, encompassed Canada's Arctic. She was a frequent and intrepid traveller to the region. She published lectures, articles, and pamphlets about the Arctic. She regularly gave lectures on radio and television. Her writing regarding the Inuit and the north was often promotional in tone, as required by her position.Sangster 2011, pp. 56–57. Baird was supportive of Inuit efforts to preserve their own culture against southern whites.Sangster 2012, p. 290. During this period she wrote travel narratives, poetry, and short stories.Sangster 2011, p. 54. Her poetry often displayed themes of tragedy and alienation.Sangster 2011, p. 57. Baird's literary work appeared in ''Saturday Night'', ''Beaver'', ''North'', ''Canadian Geographical Journal'', and the ''Unesco Courier''. She retired from the civil service in 1967, and after a few months settled in London.Sangster 2011, p. 58.

''The Climate of Power'' and last years

In 1971, Baird published her last novel, ''The Climate of Power''. It details the struggles for power in the upper ranks of the Canadian civil service. George McKenna, a career bureaucrat, is resisting his impending retirement. He is also contending with an unhappy marriage to a much younger woman. McKenna has spent considerable time in the north, and considers the Inuit with a decided paternalism.Sangster 2012, p. 292. He feels threatened by a younger, more modern bureaucrat, Roy Wragge. Eventually, on a boat trip in the Arctic Ocean, McKenna rocks the boat so that Wragge falls in the water, consigning him to a certain death due to the cold water temperature.Sangster 2012, pp. 293–294. On a final trip to the north, McKenna loses his feet to frostbite after stubbornly setting out on a trek in a snowstorm.Sangster 2012, p. 294. She showed a deft hand in depicting the tensions and shifting alliances of the civil service. The book is also a revealing window on the colonial encounter, conveying how government policy led to the disintegration of Inuit communities.Sangster 2012, pp. 284, 307. This worldview felt antiquated by contemporary tastes.Sangster 2012, p. 297. Reviews were marginally favourable or negative.Sangster 2012, pp. 294–295. The weakly marketed book virtually disappeared without a trace.Hyman 1983, p. 74.

Due to failing health, Baird returned to Victoria in 1974. She lived there until her death on April 17, 1981, in Coquitlam, British Columbia.Sangster 2011, p. 59.

Works

Fiction

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Non-fiction

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Periodical contributions

*''Beaver''. Winnipeg
*''Canadian Geographical Journal''. Ottawa
*''Laurentian University Review''. Sudbury, Ontario
*''North''
*''Northern Affairs Bulletin''
*''Ottawa Journal''
*''Saturday Night''. Toronto
*''Toronto Star Weekly''
*''Unesco Courier''
*''Vancouver Daily Province''
*''Vancouver Sun''

Source:

Notes

Sources

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External links

ABC Bookworld: Baird, Irene

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baird, Irene
1911 births
1981 deaths
Writers from Carlisle, Cumbria
20th-century Canadian novelists
Canadian women novelists
Canadian women journalists
Novelists from British Columbia