Iraka Valley

The ''iraca'', sometimes spelled ''iraka'',Ocampo López, 2013, Ch.12, p.77Ocampo López, 2013, Ch.14, p.85 was the ruler and high priest of Sugamuxi in the confederation of the Muisca who inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense; the central highlands of the Colombian Andes. ''Iraca'' can also refer to the Iraka Valley over which they ruled.Life of Alexander von Humboldt - Ciudad de Santa Fe
/ref> Important scholars who wrote about the ''iraca'' were Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita, Alexander von Humboldt and Ezequiel Uricoechea.

Background

In the centuries before the Spanish conquistadores entered central Colombia in the 1530s, the valleys of the Eastern Ranges were ruled by four main leaders and several independent ''caciques''. The northern territories were ruled by the '' zaque'' from Hunza, the present-day capital of Boyacá department and the southern area under the reign of the '' zipa'', based in Bacatá, currently known as the Colombian capital Bogotá. Other important rulers were the ''iraca'' and the ''cacique'' Tundama based in Tundama, today known as the city of Duitama. The Muisca were one of the four advanced civilizations of the Americas, between the Aztec and Maya civilization in the north and the Incas south of Colombia.

Description

The ''iraca'' was a ''cacique'' of the sacred City of the Sun Sugamuxi, present-day Sogamoso. His domain was a territory spreading over Sogamoso, Pesca, Iza, Tobasía, Firavitoba, Busbanzá, Toca, Gámeza, Tota, Mongua and areas adjacent to Lake Tota.Iraca rulers
- Pueblos Originarios

The ''iraca'' was both a political and a religious leader (priest), in the religion of the Muisca said to have descended from Idacansás and educated by messenger god Bochica. It is thought that the ''iracas'' inherited the knowledge of Bochica from their predecessors. The role of ''iraca'' was widely respected in the Muisca territories and also was important for the astronomy of the Muisca. The ''iraca'' was elected by the ''caciques'' of Gámeza, Busbanzá, Pesca and Toca. Generally a ''cacique'' from Tobasía or Firavitoba was elected alternatingly. In cases where the election was indecisive, the '' tundama'' of Tundama would intervene.

The ''iraca'' of Sugamuxi lived in the Sun Temple, the most important temple of the Muisca, built to worship the Muisca Sun god Sué, in Sugamuxi, decorated inside with golden figures; '' tunjos'' and golden plates outside.Official website Sogamoso

The Sun Temple was destroyed by fire from the torches of soldiers in the army of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, the conquistador who made first contact with the Muisca in September 1537 in search of El Dorado.Temple of the Sun - Sogamoso
- Pueblos Originarios

Known iraca

From the ages before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca little is known and much is based on mythology. Confirmed ''iraca'' were:
* Nompanim - died early 16th century
* Sugamuxi - died 1539

See also

* Spanish conquest of the Muisca
* Muisca
* Muisca Confederation
* Muisca rulers, Tundama
* Idacansás

References

Bibliography

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{{Muisca navbox, Caciques and neighbours, state=expanded

Muisca mythology and religion
Muisca rulers
Colombian priests
15th century in Colombia
16th century in Colombia
People from Sogamoso