IR or Ir may refer to:

Arts and media

Ir (newspaper) ''Ir'' is an independent Latvian weekly newspaper. It was cofounded in 2010 by the former staff of Diena, after the ownership structure behind that newspaper became unverifiable. As of 2020, it had a circulation of 15,000 copies. It claims to ...

, Latvian weekly newspaper * '' Imperator: Rome'', a 2019 video game published by Paradox Interactive *

Integrated resort A casino hotel is an establishment consisting of a casino with temporary lodging provided in an on-premises hotel. Customers receive the benefits of both gambling facilities and lodging. Since the casino and hotel are located on the same premis ...

, a euphemism for a casino in Singapore * ''International Relations'' (journal), an academic journal * I.R. Baboon, a fictional character in the cartoon series ''

I Am Weasel ''I Am Weasel'' is an American animated television series created by David Feiss for Cartoon Network. It is the fourth of the network's Cartoon Cartoons and the final to be produced solely by Hanna-Barbera and Cartoon Network Studios. The series ...

Businesses and organizations

Transportation

Iarnród Éireann Iarnród Éireann, () or Irish Rail, is the operator of the national Rail transport in Ireland, railway network of Ireland. Established on 2 February 1987, it is a subsidiary of CIÉ, Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ). It operates all internal I ...

(Irish Rail), national passenger and freight railway system of the Republic of Ireland *

Illinois Railway The Illinois Railway , formerly Illinois Railnet, is a shortline railroad operating in Northern Illinois owned by OmniTRAX. It operates of former BNSF trackage. It was created in 1997 and operates four lines in Northern Illinois. Lines Tra ...

, US *

Indian Railways Indian Railways is a state-owned enterprise that is organised as a departmental undertaking of the Ministry of Railways (India), Ministry of Railways of the Government of India and operates India's national railway system. , it manages the fou ...

, state-owned railway company of India *

InterRegio The InterRegio, often shortened to IR, is a train categories in Europe, train category for mainly domestic train services in use in some European countries, with Swiss Federal Railways operating the most dense network. InterRegio trains are semi ...

, part of Swiss Federal Railways *

IR Ishikawa Railway The is a Japanese Public-Private_Partnerships_In_Japan, third-sector railway company established in 2012 to operate passenger railway services on the section of the JR West Hokuriku Main Line within Ishikawa Prefecture. The main line was separa ...

, local railway company in Ishikawa, Japan *

Iran Air Iran Air, officially known as The Airline of the Islamic Republic of Iran (), or before known as The National Airline of Iran (), is the flag carrier of Iran, which is headquartered at Mehrabad Airport in Tehran. As of 2024, it operates sched ...

(IATA airline code IR) *

Israel Railways Israel Railways Ltd. (, ''Rakevet Yisra'el'') is the state-owned principal railway company responsible for all inter-city, commuter, and freight rail transport in Israel. Israel Railways network consists of of track. All its lines are standar ...

, state-owned railway company of Israel

Other businesses and organizations

Ingersoll Rand Ingersoll Rand Inc. is an American multinational company that provides flow creation and industrial products. The company was formed in February 2020 through the spinoff of the industrial segment of Ingersoll-Randplc (now known as Trane Technol ...

(NYSE trading symbol IR) *

International Rectifier International Rectifier was an American power management technology company manufacturing analog and mixed-signal ICs, advanced circuit devices, integrated power systems, and high-performance integrated components for computing. On 13 January 20 ...

, a former manufacturer of power semiconductors * Independent-Republican Party of Minnesota, former name of the Republican Party of Minnesota

Finance

* Incidence rate (market research) *

Interest rate An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum). The total interest on an amount lent or borrowed depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, ...

, or (when referring to an asset class) interest rate derivative *

Information ratio The information ratio measures and compares the active return of an investment (e.g., a security or portfolio) compared to a benchmark index relative to the volatility of the active return (also known as active risk or benchmark tracking risk). It ...

, when referring to risk-adjusted returns of a financial security *

Investor relations Investor relations (IR) is a "strategic management responsibility that is capable of integrating finance, communication, marketing and securities law Regulatory compliance, compliance to enable the most effective two-way communication between a com ...

, a management responsibility in which companies disclose information for regulatory compliance and for bond/share-holders to make investment judgments

Language

Ir (cuneiform) The cuneiform ir (more common usage), or er sign is a sign used in the Epic of Gilgamesh, and the Amarna letters. It is in a small group that have smaller, 3-verticals, as well as 2- and 1-vertical strokes, sitting on a lower horizontal cunei ...

, a sign in cuneiform writing * Ir language, also known as

Ta'Oi language Ta'Oi (Ta'Oih, Ta Oi) is a dialect continuum within the Katuic branch of the Austroasiatic language family, spoken amongst the Ta Oi people in the Salavan and Sekong provinces in Laos and the municipality of Huế in Vietnam Vietna ...

, spoken in parts of Laos and Vietnam *

Istro-Romanian language The Istro-Romanian language () is an Eastern Romance languages, Eastern Romance language, spoken in a few villages and hamlets in the peninsula of Istria in Croatia, as well as in the diaspora of this people. It is sometimes abbreviated to IR. ...

Places

Indian Reserve In Canada, an Indian reserve () or First Nations reserve () is defined by the '' Indian Act'' as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." ...

, a section of land in Canada that is controlled by an Indigenous band government *

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

, by ISO country code

Science and technology

Biology and medicine

* Immediate-release, related to

time release technology Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release R, XR, XLdosage) or to a spe ...

in pharmaceuticals *

Incidence Rate In epidemiology Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and Risk factor (epidemiology), determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population, and application of this knowl ...

, in epidemiology *

Insulin receptor The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose h ...

, a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin *

Insulin resistance Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological response in which cells in insulin-sensitive tissues in the body fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia. Insulin is a horm ...

, a pathological condition *

Interventional radiology Interventional radiology (IR) is a medical specialty that performs various minimally-invasive procedures using medical imaging guidance, such as Fluoroscopy, x-ray fluoroscopy, CT scan, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultraso ...

and interventional radiologist, an independent medical specialty *

Inverted repeat An inverted repeat (or IR) is a single stranded sequence of nucleotides followed downstream by its complementarity (molecular biology), reverse complement. The intervening sequence of nucleotides between the initial sequence and the reverse complem ...

, a sequence of nucleotides that is the reversed complement of another sequence further downstream

Computing

* .ir, the Internet country code top-level domain for Iran *

Adobe ImageReady Adobe ImageReady was a bitmap graphics editor that was shipped with Adobe Photoshop for six years. It was available for Windows, Classic Mac OS and Mac OS X from 1998 to 2007. ImageReady was designed for web development and closely interacted wit ...

, a bitmap graphics editor shipped with Adobe Photoshop by Adobe Systems * Image retention, the LCD and plasma display equivalent of screen burn *

Information retrieval Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an Information needs, information need. The information need can be specified in the form ...

, the science of searching for information in or as documents or databases *

Information revolution The Information Age is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology. ...

, one of the theoretical frameworks within which trends in current society can be conceptualized *

Institutional repository An institutional repository (IR) is an archive for collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the intellectual output of an institution, particularly a research institution. Academics also utilize their IRs for archiving published ...

, a digital collection for preserving the intellectual output of an institution *

Institutional research Institutional research is a broad category of work done at schools, colleges and universities to inform campus decision-making and planning in areas such as admissions, financial aid, curriculum assessment, enrollment management, staffing, student l ...

, the collection, analysis, and reporting of institutional data *

Instruction register In computing, the instruction register (IR) or current instruction register (CIR) is the part of a CPU's control unit that holds the instruction currently being executed or decoded. In simple processors, each instruction to be executed is loaded ...

, part of a CPU's control unit *

Intermediate representation An intermediate representation (IR) is the data structure or code used internally by a compiler or virtual machine to represent source code. An IR is designed to be conducive to further processing, such as optimization and translation. A "good" ...

, a computer data structure * Internal router

Other uses in science and technology

Imaginary number An imaginary number is the product of a real number and the imaginary unit , is usually used in engineering contexts where has other meanings (such as electrical current) which is defined by its property . The square (algebra), square of an im ...

s, in mathematics, denoted

\text\mathbb

or *

Infrared Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves. The infrared spectral band begins with the waves that are just longer than those ...

, a portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum *

Impulse response In signal processing and control theory, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse (). More generally, an impulse response is the reac ...

, an output function of a dynamic system presented with a brief input signal * Insulation resistance, a measure of insulation material performance *

Ionizing radiation Ionizing (ionising) radiation, including Radioactive decay, nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have enough energy per individual photon or particle to ionization, ionize atoms or molecules by detaching ...

Iridium Iridium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. This very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density ...

, symbol Ir, a chemical element

Other uses

* Imperial–royal, abbreviation applied to institutions of the Austrian Empire *

Industrial relations Industrial relations or employment relations is the multidisciplinary academic field that studies the employment relationship; that is, the complex interrelations between employers and employees, labor union, labor/trade unions, employer organ ...

, relations between management and workers in industry *

Ingenieur An engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering which is conferred in Europe, some countries of Asia and Latin America, North Africa and a few institutions in the United States. The degree may require a thesis but always require ...

, abbreviated ''ir.'', an engineer's degree awarded by technical universities in the Netherlands, Belgium, Indonesia, and Malaysia *

Injured reserve list The injured reserve list ( IR list) is a designation used in North American professional sports leagues for athletes who suffer injuries and become unable to play. The exact name of the list varies by league; it is known as "injured reserve" in t ...

, a list of professional sports players who are injured and unable to play for an extended time *

International relations International relations (IR, and also referred to as international studies, international politics, or international affairs) is an academic discipline. In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns al ...

, in political science, the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states *

International rules football International rules football (; also known as international rules in Australia and compromise rules or Aussie rules in Ireland) is a team sport consisting of a hybrid of football codes, which was developed to facilitate international represe ...

a hybrid code of football