Ippolit Vasilevich Sokolov ( 1902,

Kharkov Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.

8 December 1974) was a Soviet theatre critic, screenwriter and poet. He became involved with the

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

-based Central Institute of Labour. Ippolit Sokolov was born into a working-class family. He started his literary activity when he was 14. In 1918 he moved to

where he studied at the Socialist Academy in the political and legal department.

Russian Expressionism

Sokolov became a Russian advocate of

Expressionism Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...

. He visited the Poetry Studio, where

Valery Bryusov Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov ( rus, Вале́рий Я́ковлевич Брю́сов, p=vɐˈlʲerʲɪj ˈjakəvlʲɪvʲɪdʑ ˈbrʲusəf, a=Valyeriy Yakovlyevich Bryusov.ru.vorb.oga; – 9 October 1924) was a Russian poet, prose writer, drama ...

Andrei Bely Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (, ; – 8 January 1934), better known by the pen name Andrei Bely or Biely, was a Russian novelist, Symbolist poet, theorist and literary critic. He was a committed anthroposophist and follower of Rudolf Steiner. Hi ...

and Vyacheslav Ivanov. He also became involved in the Literary section of the Moscow branch of

Proletkult Proletkult ( rus, Пролетку́льт, p=prəlʲɪtˈkulʲt), a portmanteau of the Russian words "proletarskaya kultura" ( proletarian culture), was an experimental Soviet artistic institution that arose in conjunction with the Russian Revol ...

. In 1919 he joined the All-Russian Union of Poets. During the three years, from 1919 to 1921, he published nine pamphlets of poems and articles, including his ''Complete Works''. Through these texts he formulated Expressionism as the "maximum of expressions" with a "dynamism of perception and thinking". In his ''Guide-Book to Expressionism'' he described expressionism as "a synthesis of all achievements in all arts." However the Russian Expressionist movement was short-lived.

industrial gymnastics

In 1921 he took up military service as the head of the artistic department of the Political Secretariat of the

Moscow Military District The Order of Lenin Moscow Military District () is a Military districts of Russia, military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Originally it was a district of the Imperial Russian Army until the Russian Empire's collapse in 191 ...

, in which role he linked labour and military gymnastics. This led to his work with the Central Institute of Labor. He applied

François Delsarte François Alexandre Nicolas Chéri Delsarte (; 19 November 1811 – 20 July 1871) was a French singer, orator, and coach. Though he achieved some success as a composer, he is chiefly known as a teacher in singing and declamation (oratory). Appl ...

's “harmonic gymnastics” creating a secularised version of “industrial gymnastics” similar to the “ eukinetics” put forward by

Rudolf Laban Rudolf (von) Laban, also known as Rudolph von Laban (; 15 December 1879 – 1 July 1958), was an Austro-Hungarian dance artist, choreographer, and movement theorist. He is considered a "founding father of expressionist dance" and a pioneer of ...

Theatre and film

In 1922 he started to have material published about

cinema Cinema may refer to: Film * Film or movie, a series of still images that create the illusion of moving image ** Film industry, the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking ** Filmmaking, the process of making a film * Movie theate ...

. He graduated from

Moscow University Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Al ...

in 1925. He then taught the course "Modern Theatre" at the State workshops at the Chamber Theatre. His reputation as a film critic and film historian grew, and he taught at the State Technical School of Cinematography (1927–1928), the

Maxim Gorky Literature Institute The Maxim Gorky Literature Institute () is an institution of higher education in Moscow, Russia. It is located at 25 Tverskoy Boulevard in central Moscow. History The institute was founded in 1933 on the initiative of Maxim Gorky, a writer, foun ...

(1943-1945), the

Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography The Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, officially the S. A. Gerasimov All-Russian University of Cinematography (, meaning ''All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography named after S. A. Gerasimov''), a.k.a. VGIK, is a film school in Moscow, ...

(1946). In 1948–1951, he was a research associate at the All-Russia State Institute of Cinematography Research and Development, and in 1961–1964 he taught a theory and history of cinema course at Moscow University. From 1966 he worked on the technology of television films at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Magnetic Recording and Television Technology.

Works

* ''Bunt ekspressionista'' (Expressionist Revolt 1919) Moscow: privately printed by the author, Autumn 1919 * ''Renessanc XX veka'' (Twentieth Century Renaissance 1919) Moscow: 1919. 8 pp * ''Bedeker po ekspressionizmu'' (Guide-Book to Expressionism, 1920) Moscow: privately printed by the author 8vo. A single folded sheet. * ''Ekspressionizm'' (Expressionism 1920). Moscow: privately printed by the author, Summer 1920. A single folded sheet. * ''Ekspressionisty'' (Expressionists 1921) Moscow: Sad Akadema, 1921. 16 pp. with contributions by

Yevgeny Gabrilovich Yevgeny Iosifovich Gabrilovich (; 29 September 1899 – 5 December 1993) was a Soviet and Russian writer, playwright and screenwriter. He wrote for 29 films between 1936 and 1988.Boris Lapin Boris may refer to: People * Boris (given name), a male given name * *List of people with given name Boris * Boris (surname) Arts and media * Boris (band), a Japanese experimental rock trio * ''Boris'' (EP), by Yezda Urfa, 1975 * "Boris" (son ...

and

Sergei Spasski Sergius is a male given name of Ancient Roman origin after the name of the Latin ''gens'' Sergia or Sergii of regal and republican ages. It is a common Christian name, in honour of Saint Sergius, or in Kyivan Rus', of Sergius of the Holy Caves ...

. * ''A'' (1921) Moscow: 1921. 12mo. 14 pp. with contributions by

Boris Pereleshin Boris may refer to: People * Boris (given name), a male given name * *List of people with given name Boris * Boris (surname) Arts and media * Boris (band), a Japanese experimental rock trio * ''Boris'' (EP), by Yezda Urfa, 1975 * "Boris" (son ...

and

Aleksandr Rakitnikov Alexander () is a male name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are A ...

* ''Polnoe sobranie sochinenii'' (Complete Collected Works 1919 Moscow: 12 pp * "Industrializatsiia zhestikuliatsii", '' Ermitazh'', 10 (1922), pp 6–7 * "Novaia fizkul’tura proletariata", ''

Gorn The Gorn are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid reptilian species in the American science-fiction franchise ''Star Trek''. They first appeared in a 1967 episode of the original series, "Arena", in which Captain Kirk fights an unnamed Gorn on ...

'', 2 (1922), pp 28–36 * ''Sistema trudovoi gimnastiki'' Moscow:

Vsevobuch Vsevobuch ( rus, всевобуч, p=fsʲɪˈvobʊtɕ), a portmanteau for "Universal Military Training" (), was a system of compulsory military training for men practiced in the Russian SFSR governed by the Chief Administration of Universal Militar ...

, 1922) * "Teatralizatsiia fizkul’tury" ''Ermitazh'', 7 (1922), 15

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sokolov, Ippolit Expressionist writers 1902 births 1974 deaths Soviet theatre critics