Count Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

Otto Heinrich Igelström (; ; 7 May 1737 – 18 February 1823) was a Russian general from the noble Swedish family of Igelström, best known for his services during the Catherinian reign. His significant military victory was the siege of the Akkerman fortress in 1770. During the impressive Warsaw Uprising of 1794 Igelström lost control of his eventually defeated forces.

Life

Otto Heinrich Igelström, son of ''Landmarschall'' (Country Marshal) in the

Governorate of Livonia The Governorate of Livonia, also known as the Livonia Governorate, was a province (''guberniya'') and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, Baltic Governorate-General until 1876. Governorate of Livonia bordered Governorate of E ...

Freiherr (; male, abbreviated as ), (; his wife, abbreviated as , ) and (, his unmarried daughters and maiden aunts) are designations used as titles of nobility in the German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and in ...

Gustaf Henrik Igelström and Margarethe Elisabeth von Albedyll, was born on 7 May 1737 in

Gargždai Gargždai () is a city in western Lithuania located in Klaipėda County. The Minija River flows through the city.John S. Jaffer ShtetLinks: Gargzdai (Gorzd), LithuaniaJewishGen, Inc., the Home of Jewish Genealogy. Accessed June 18, 2011. The Garg ...

(now

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

). He was educated in

Riga Riga ( ) is the capital, Primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city of Latvia. Home to 591,882 inhabitants (as of 2025), the city accounts for a third of Latvia's total population. The population of Riga Planni ...

and

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. In 1753, Otto entered military service in Russia, participated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, having taken Akkerman. In 1773, he participated in the failed siege of Silistra. In 1777, he became lord of

Unipiha Unipiha is a village in Nõo Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Balti ...

manor () and in 1781, lord of

Meeri Meeri is a village in Nõo Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic ...

manor () in

Livonia Livonia, known in earlier records as Livland, is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the shores of present-day Latvia. By the end of the 13th century, the name was extende ...

(now in

Nõo Parish Nõo Parish is a rural municipality in Tartu County, Estonia. Settlements ;Small boroughs: Nõo - Tõravere ;Villages: Aiamaa - Altmäe - Etsaste - Enno - Illi - Järiste - Kääni - Keeri - Ketneri - Kolga - Laguja - Luke - Meeri - ...

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

). In 1784, he commanded Russian troops in

Crimea Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...

and took the last Crimean khan

Şahin Giray Şahin Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1745–1787) was the last khan of Crimea on two occasions (1777–1782, 1782–1783). Life He was born in 1745 in Edirne. He was the son of Ahmed Giray. He had a brother named Katti Giray. ...

prisoner. He participated in Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 and was involved in a botched battle of Pardakoski–Kärnakoski of 30 April 1790 initiated by

Ivan Saltykov Count Ivan Petrovich Saltykov (; 28 June 1730 – 14 November 1805) was a Russian field marshal, the governor-general of Moscow from 1797 to 1804, and owner of the grand estate of Marfino. Biography Ivan was the only son of Field-Marshal ...

. Igelström was empowered to sign the Treaty of Värälä on behalf of

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

in 1790. After that, he was the general en chef and commander of the ''

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

Corps''. In 1784 to 1792, Otto was the governor-general of

Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...

and Ufa governorates. In 1792, he was granted

Russian nobility The Russian nobility or ''dvoryanstvo'' () arose in the Middle Ages. In 1914, it consisted of approximately 1,900,000 members, out of a total population of 138,200,000. Up until the February Revolution of 1917, the Russian noble estates staffed ...

title and was made the governor-general of

Pskov Governorate Pskov Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, which existed in 1772–1777 and 1796–1927. Its seat was located in Opochka b ...

. In 1793, he took the same position of the

Kiev Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

and

Chernigov Chernihiv (, ; , ) is a city and municipality in northern Ukraine, which serves as the administrative center of Chernihiv Oblast and Chernihiv Raion within the oblast. Chernihiv's population is The city was designated as a Hero City of Ukrain ...

governorates. In 1794, Otto was appointed ambassador to

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

and the commander of Russian troops in Poland–Lithuania. For his failure in suppressing the Warsaw Uprising of 1794 he was demoted. He was infantry general since 1796.

Paul I of Russia Paul I (; – ) was Emperor of Russia from 1796 until his assassination in 1801. Paul remained overshadowed by his mother, Catherine the Great, for most of his life. He adopted the Pauline Laws, laws of succession to the Russian throne—rules ...

took him into service in the rank of infantry general and appointed the governor-general to

Orenburg Governorate Orenburg Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit (''Governorate'') of the Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of ...

in 1797.

References

External links

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften Estland
- Genealogy Handbook of

Baltic nobility The Baltic German nobility was a privileged social class in the territories of modern-day Estonia and Latvia. It existed continuously from the Northern Crusades and the medieval foundation of Terra Mariana. Most of the nobility consisted of Bal ...

Manors in Nõo parish, Estonia
{{DEFAULTSORT:Igelstrom, Iosif 1737 births 1823 deaths Baltic-German nobility Imperial Russian Army generals Russian people of the Kościuszko Uprising People from the Russian Empire of Swedish descent Nobility from the Russian Empire 18th-century Swedish nobility Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree People from Gargždai Russian military personnel of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) People from the Governorate of Livonia 18th-century diplomats of the Russian Empire People of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Poland

Life

See also

References

External links