Vernonieae is a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

of about 1300 species of plants in the

aster family Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fam ...

. They are mostly found in the

tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

and warmer

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

areas, both in the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

and the

Old World The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...

. They are mostly

herbaceous plant Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition o ...

s or

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

s, although there is at least one tree species, ''

Vernonia arborea ''Strobocalyx arborea'', formerly widely known by the synonym ''Vernonia arborea'', is a species of mid-level rainforest tree in the Composite, or Daisy family Asteraceae, that is found from the Western Ghats of India and Sri Lanka, east to the ...

''.

Taxonomy

Vernonieae is considered sister to the tribe

Liabeae Liabeae is a Tribe (biology), tribe in the plant family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the Neotropical realm, Neotropics, where it is most diverse in the northern and central Andes.Dillon, M. O., et alChapter 27: Liabeae.In: Funk, V. A., et al. (ed ...

. The tribe originated in southern

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

, and spread to the Americas in at least two different events. In many works some 80% of the species in this tribe are classified in the genus ''

Vernonia ''Vernonia'' is a genus of about 350 species of forbs and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Some species of this genus are known as ironweeds. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense purple flowers. There h ...

''. Other authors, like Harold E. Robinson, divide the tribe into a larger number of small genera.

Genera

Genera accepted by the Global Compositae Database as of March 2023: *'' Acanthodesmos'' *'' Acilepidopsis'' *''

Acilepis ''Acilepis'' is a genus of Asian plants in the tribe Vernonieae within the family Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Or ...

'' *'' Adenoon'' *''

Aedesia Aedesia () was a philosopher of the Neoplatonic school who lived in Alexandria in the fifth century AD. She was a relation of Syrianus and the wife of Hermias, and was equally celebrated for her beauty and her virtues. After the death of her ...

'' *'' Ageratinastrum'' *'' Albertinia'' *''

Ambassa Ambassa is a census town located in the Indian state of Tripura a Municipal Council in Dhalai district. Ambassa is also the headquarters of the Dhalai district. Demographics India census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') ...

'' *'' Ananthura'' *'' Anteremanthus'' *'' Baccharoides'' *''

Bechium ''Bechium'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), ...

'' *'' Bishopalea'' *'' Blanchetia'' *'' Bolanosa'' *''

Bothriocline ''Bothriocline'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to tropical Africa and some islands of the Indian Ocean. They are hairy annual and perennial herbs with purple or mauve Mauve ( ; ) is a pale purpl ...

'' *'' Brachythrix'' *'' Brenandendron'' *'' Caatinganthus'' *'' Cabobanthus'' *'' Camchaya'' *'' Centauropsis'' *'' Centratherum'' (synonym ''Oiospermum'' ) *''

Chresta ''Chresta'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Species , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: References

Asteraceae genera Vernonieae Flora of Southern America {{Asteraceae-s ...

'' *'' Chronopappus'' *'' Cololobus'' *''

Critoniopsis ''Critoniopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order ...

'' (synonym ''Tephrothamnus'' ) *'' Cuatrecasanthus'' *'' Cyanthillium'' *'' Cyrtocymura'' *'' Dasyandantha'' *'' Dasyanthina'' *'' Decaneuropsis'' *''

Decastylocarpus ''Decastylocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. There is only one known species, ''Decastylocarpus perrieri'', endemic to Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country t ...

'' *'' Dewildemania'' *'' Diaphractanthus'' *'' Dipterocypsela'' *''

Distephanus ''Distephanus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.Harold E. Robinson. 2007. "Vernonieae" pages 149-174. In: Klaus Kubitzki (series editor); Joachim W. Kadereit and Charles Jeffrey (volume editors). ''The Families and Genera ...

'' *'' Echinocoryne'' *'' Eirmocephala'' *'' Ekmania'' *'' Elephantopus'' *''

Eremanthus ''Eremanthus'' is a genus of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. Species occur in Brazil and Bolivia. ''Eremanthus'' species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including '' Dalcera abrasa'' which has been recorded on ''E ...

'' *'' Erlangea'' *'' Ethulia'' *''

Gorceixia ''Gorceixia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Species There is only one known species, ''Gorceixia decurrens'', native to Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is one of the 27 federative uni ...

'' *'' Gutenbergia'' *''

Gymnanthemum ''Gymnanthemum '' is a genus of plants in the tribe Vernonieae within the family Asteraceae. Species of the genus are found in Asia, Africa and South America. ; Species ; Formerly included numerous species now regarded as members of other gener ...

'' *'' Harleya'' *'' Herderia'' *'' Hesperomannia'' *''

Heterocoma ''Heterocoma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. ''Heterocoma'' was believed for many years to contain only one species, until 2013, when two new species were described and the three genera ''Bishopalea'', ''Sipolisia'', a ...

'' *'' Heterocypsela'' *'' Hilliardiella'' *'' Hoffmannanthus'' *'' Hololepis'' *'' Huberopappus'' *'' Hystrichophora'' *'' Iodocephalus'' *'' Irwinia'' *''

Jeffreycia ''Jeffreycia'' is a genus of African flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are in the tribe Vernonieae. It is native to Tropical eastern Africa and also Sri Lanka. It is found in the countries of Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique ...

'' *''

Joseanthus ''Joseanthus'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador—A checklist. AAU Reports 34: 1–443 ; Species * ''Joseanthus chimborazens ...

'' *'' Khasianthus'' *'' Kinghamia'' *'' Koyamasia'' *'' Kurziella'' *'' Lachnorhiza'' *'' Lampropappus'' *'' Lepidaploa'' *'' Lepidonia'' *''

Lessingianthus ''Lessingianthus'' is a genus of South American plants in the family Asteraceae. ; Species References External links USDA Plants ProfileJepson Manual Treatment
Vernonieae Asteraceae genera {{Asteraceae-stub ...

'' *'' Linzia'' *'' Lychnophora'' *'' Lychnophorella'' *'' Lychnophoriopsis'' *'' Manyonia'' *'' Maschalostachys'' *'' Mattfeldanthus'' *'' Mesanthophora'' *'' Minasia'' *''

Monosis ''Monosis'' is a genus of Asian plants in the tribe Vernonieae within the family Asteraceae. ; Species ; formerly included

'' *''

Msuata ''Msuata'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Vernonieae within the family Asteraceae.Muschleria'' *'' Myanmaria'' *'' Neurolakis'' *'' Nothovernonia'' *'' Okia'' *'' Oliganthes'' *'' Omphalopappus'' *'' Oocephala'' *'' Orbivestus'' *'' Orthopappus'' *'' Pacourina'' *'' Paralychnophora'' *'' Parapolydora'' *'' Paurolepis'' *'' Phyllocephalum'' *'' Piptocarpha'' *'' Piptocoma'' *'' Piptolepis'' *'' Pithecoseris'' *'' Pleurocarpaea'' *''

Polydora Polydora (; in Attic and in Ionic, means 'many-gifts' or 'the shapely') was the name of several characters in Greek mythology: *Polydora, the 'handsome' Oceanid, one of the 3,000 water-nymph daughters of the Titans Oceanus and his siste ...

'' *'' Prestelia'' *'' Proteopsis'' *'' Pseudelephantopus'' *'' Pseudopiptocarpha'' *'' Quechualia'' *'' Rastrophyllum'' *'' Rolandra'' *'' Sipolisia'' *'' Soaresia'' *'' Spiracantha'' *'' Stenocephalum'' *'' Stilpnopappus'' *'' Stokesia'' *'' Stramentopappus'' *'' Strobocalyx'' *'' Struchium'' *'' Tarlmounia'' *'' Telmatophila'' *'' Trepadonia'' *'' Trichospira'' *'' Vernonanthura'' *'' Vernonella'' *''

'' (synonym ''Centrapalus'' ) *'' Vernoniastrum'' *'' Vinicia'' *'' Xerxes'' *'' Xiphochaeta''

References

External links

* Asteraceae tribes {{Asteraceae-stub