Iodine pentafluoride is an
interhalogen compound with chemical formula IF
5. It is one of the
fluoride
Fluoride (). According to this source, is a possible pronunciation in British English. is an Inorganic chemistry, inorganic, Monatomic ion, monatomic Ion#Anions and cations, anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula (also written ), whose ...
s of
iodine
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists at standard conditions as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ...
. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a
fluorination reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.
Preparation
It was first synthesized by
Henri Moissan in 1891 by burning solid
iodine
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists at standard conditions as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ...
in
fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at Standard temperature and pressure, standard conditions as pale yellow Diatomic molecule, diatomic gas. Fluorine is extre ...
gas. This
exothermic reaction is still used to produce iodine pentafluoride, although the reaction conditions have been improved.
:I
2 + 5 F
2 → 2 IF
5
Reactions
IF
5 reacts vigorously with water forming
hydrofluoric acid and
iodic acid:
:IF
5 + 3 H
2O → HIO
3 + 5 HF
Upon treatment with fluorine, it converts to
iodine heptafluoride:
:IF
5 + F
2 → IF
7
It has been used as a
solvent
A solvent (from the Latin language, Latin ''wikt:solvo#Latin, solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a Solution (chemistry), solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas ...
for handling metal fluorides. For example, the reduction of
osmium hexafluoride to
osmium pentafluoride with
iodine
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists at standard conditions as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ...
is conducted in a solution in iodine pentafluoride:
:10 OsF
6 + I
2 → 10 OsF
5 + 2 IF
5
Primary amines react with iodine pentafluoride forming
nitriles
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the , suffixed with "nitrile", so for example is called "propionitrile" (or pro ...
after
hydrolysis
Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution reaction, substitution, elimination reaction, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water ...
.
References
Further reading
*
*
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*
External links
WebBook page for IF5
* ttp://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/I/F5I1-7783666.html web elements listing
{{fluorine compounds
Fluorides
Iodine compounds
Interhalogen compounds
Fluorinating agents
Oxidizing agents
Inorganic solvents