Interstate 39 (I-39) is a north–south
Interstate Highway
The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, or the Eisenhower Interstate System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Hi ...
in Illinois and Wisconsin that runs from an interchange at I-55 in
Normal, Illinois
Normal is a town in McLean County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the town's population was 52,736. Normal is the smaller of two principal cities of the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area, and is I ...
, to
State Trunk Highway 29 (WIS 29) approximately south of
Wausau, Wisconsin
Wausau ( ) is a city in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located along the Wisconsin River and had a population of 39,994 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It is the core city of the Wausau ...
.
In total, Interstate 39 is long.
In Illinois, the route has a total length of ;
in Wisconsin, I-39 has a length of .
Among the newest Interstate Highways in Illinois, I-39 was completed in 1992. Designed to replace
U.S. Route 51
U.S. Route 51 or U.S. Highway 51 (US 51) is a major south–north United States highway that extends from the western suburbs of New Orleans, Louisiana, to within of the Wisconsin–Michigan state line. As most of the United States Numbered Hi ...
(US 51) with an
Interstate-grade freeway, the highway
runs concurrently with
US 20 in
Rockford before joining I-90. From Rockford to
Portage, Wisconsin
Portage is a city in Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,581 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Columbia County. It is part of the Madison metropolitan area.
Portage was named for ...
, I-39 and I-90 run concurrently. From
Madison to Portage, I-94 joins the two; at , the three-way concurrency is the longest in the country. From Portage northward, US 51 rejoins I-39, and the Interstate uses its mileposts northward.
Route description
Illinois
In Illinois, I-39 begins at
I-55 north of
Bloomington–Normal, Illinois, less than one mile east from the intersection of I-74 and I-55 that runs around the city of Normal. US 51 splits from I-55, joining I-39; exit 2 marks the northern terminus of the
US 51 business route. From Normal northward, I-39 runs northward largely through rural areas. At exit 8, the route forms the southern terminus of
Illinois Route 251
Illinois Route 251 is a north–south state highway that runs on the former alignment of U.S. Route 51 before Interstate 39 was built in north central Illinois. It runs from U.S. 51 at the border with Wisconsin to I-39 and U.S. 51 south of ...
(IL 251), which was derived from the original routing of US 51.
In
Oglesby in central
LaSalle County, I-39 passes next to
Starved Rock State Park
Starved Rock State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Illinois, characterized by the many canyons within its . Located just southeast of the village of Utica, Illinois, Utica, in Deer Park Township, LaSalle County, Illinois, Deer Park To ...
, the busiest state park in Illinois. North of the park, it crosses the
Illinois River
The Illinois River () is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River at approximately in length. Located in the U.S. state of Illinois, the river has a drainage basin of . The Illinois River begins with the confluence of the Des Plaines ...
over the
Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge; at long, it is the longest bridge in the state.
Just north of the river, I-39 passes between the cities of
LaSalle and
Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
; as it intersects
I-80
Interstate 80 (I-80) is an east–west transcontinental freeway that crosses the United States from San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey, in the New York metropolitan area. The highway was designated in 1956 as one of the ori ...
and
US 6, it makes its southernmost connections with the Chicago region. North of I-80, the wind turbines of the
Mendota Hills Wind Farm
The Mendota Hills Wind Farm is a wind farm in Lee County, Illinois near the village of Paw Paw. It operates 29 wind turbines. Each wind turbine stands 214 ft (65.23 m) tall and has three 85 ft (35.91 m) long blades. The wind farm was construc ...
(the first commercial wind farm in Illinois) can be seen from milepost 72 at
Mendota north to near
Paw Paw. As I-39 continues northward, I-39 also intersects
US 52 and
US 30.
In
Ogle County, I-39 intersects with
I-88 (
IL 110), connecting I-39 to both Chicago and the Quad Cities regions. As it intersects
IL 38,
IL 64, and
IL 72, I-39 connects with the DeKalb–Sycamore region and far west suburbs of the Chicago area.
As I-39 crosses into Winnebago County, the Baxter Road exit (exit 115) is the final exit before I-39 joins the
US 20 freeway bypass in Rockford. Approximately a mile east of the Alpine Road/US 20 interchange, I-39 joins US 20, moving from nearly entirely farmland to medium-density populated areas.
After heading northeast for approximately , US 20 splits from I-39/US 51; a mile northward, I-39/US 51 runs concurrently with I-90 (
Jane Addams Memorial Tollway
Interstate 90 (I-90) in the US state of Illinois runs roughly northwest-to-southeast through the northern part of the state. From the Wisconsin state line at South Beloit, it heads south to Rockford before heading east-southeast to th ...
). Though signed as I-39/I-90, the concurrency follows the mileposts of I-90. Though I-39 itself is not tolled, the
Illinois Tollway collects tolls on the I-90 portion, including two ramp interchanges and an open-road toll plaza between Rockton and South Beloit.
At exit 1 (
IL 75) in
South Beloit, US 51 splits from I-39 to join IL 75; westward, it continues the route of IL 251 into Wisconsin. For all but one mile that I-39 is in Illinois, it runs concurrently with US 51.
Wisconsin

I-39 enters Wisconsin in Rock County, concurrently with I-90. Bypassing Beloit to the east, it passes underneath the County Trunk Highway P bridge (CTH-P, Stateline Road). The tri-stack exit 185 provides access to Beloit through
WIS 81 and serves as the southern terminus of
I-43 (accessing Milwaukee and Green Bay).
The northernmost interchange serving the Beloit region is CTH-S (Shopiere Road) at exit 183. About north of the I-43 interchange, I-39/I-90 is joined by
WIS 11 for as it bypasses
Janesville. In addition to the northern interchange that holds WIS 11, Janesville is also accessed by
US 14 and
WIS 26 (Milton Avenue). After crossing the
Rock River, I-39/I-90 has an interchange with
WIS 59, connecting it with
Edgerton (to the west) and
Milton (to the southeast).
I-39 enters
Dane County
Dane County is a County (United States), county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County, Wiscon ...
north of WIS 59, passing west of
Lake Koshkonong. For approximately , US 51 rejoins the Interstate (from mile 160 to 156) before it heads west through
Stoughton. I-39/I-90 changes direction north of
Utica, gradually turning northwest. At exit 142, the highway turns returns north as it meets
US 12/
US 18 in Madison, forming the eastern terminus of the Madison Beltline Highway; for approximately , northbound I-39 is reduced to two lanes (for the first time since Cherry Valley, Illinois). North of the Beltline, I-39 accesses Madison through an interchange with
WIS 30 and
I-94 (routed from Milwaukee); the interchange is known as the Badger Interchange.
further north, the highway has an interchange with
US 151 (splitting Madison and
Sun Prairie); the northernmost Madison-area I-39 interchanges are US 51 (Madison and
DeForest) and WIS 19 (Sun Prairie and
Waunakee); CTH-V (West North Street) for DeForest serves as the last Dane County exit.
I-39/I-90/I-94 enters
Columbia County north-northwest of CTH-V.
From the county line northward, the highway returns to rural surroundings. after crossing the
Wisconsin River
The Wisconsin River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, at approximately 430 miles (692 km) long. As a tributary of the Mississippi River, it is part of the Mississippi River System. The river's name was first recorded in 1673 b ...
, exit 108 (
Wisconsin Dells) splits I-90/I-94 from I-39. For the first time since the US 20 Bypass in Rockford–Cherry Valley, I-39 is four lanes instead of six or eight. I-39 continues northward from
WIS 78 (which terminates at the interchange), routed towards Portage. I-39 connects with Portage through
WIS 33, crosses the Wisconsin River a second time, connects with
WIS 16; a third interchange rejoins I-39 with US 51. I-39 takes on the mileposts of the latter.
After taking on US 51, I-39 continues northward, with few directional changes through
Marquette County and
Waushara County. In
Portage County, the highway continues its northward direction until it reaches the
Stevens Point region, where it bypasses the city to the east and north; four interchanges connect with the city (CTH-HH,
US 10/
WIS 66, Stanley Street, and Bus. US 51).
From Stevens Point northward, I-39 largely parallels the path of the Wisconsin River and Lake DuBay. Following its entrance into
Marathon County,
WIS 153 connects to I-39 in
Mosinee, adjacent to the
Central Wisconsin Airport. The final north-south interchange of I-39 is exit 185 (
Bus. US 51) in
Rothschild
Rothschild () is a name derived from the German ''zum rothen Schild'' (with the old spelling "th"), meaning "to the red shield", in reference to the houses where these family members lived or had lived. At the time, houses were designated by signs ...
, just before I-39 crosses the Wisconsin River.
I-39 ends with exit 187, as
WIS 29 merges with US 51 (for approximately ); the latter highway continues north to its terminus at US 2 at the Wisconsin–Michigan border.
History
Illinois
When the
Interstate Highway System
The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, or the Eisenhower Interstate System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Hi ...
was first being planned, Illinois made a request for a north–south highway from
South Beloit to
Salem. The project was deemed a low priority and was shelved. US 51, which ran mostly down the middle of the state, became a heavily traveled two-lane
arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highway
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It includes not just major roads, but also other public roads and rights o ...
, experiencing many crashes and earning the nickname "Killer 51".
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a major supplemental freeway system plan was proposed, with the goal of providing Illinois residents access to freeways within 30 minutes or less. One of the proposed routes, FAP 412, was a route that would extend from US 20 in
Rockford to I-57 just north of Salem, similar to the earlier requested route. Due to traffic counts, only the portion between Rockford and
Decatur was prioritized.
Over the course of the 1970s, planning for the US 51 supplemental freeway took place in earnest. However, debate ensued over what type of highway should be built. The
Illinois Department of Transportation
The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) is a state agency in charge of state-maintained public roadways of the U.S. state of Illinois. In addition, IDOT provides funding for rail, public transit and airport projects and administers f ...
(IDOT) wanted the entire highway built to
Interstate Highway standards
Standards for Interstate Highways in the United States are defined by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in the publication ''A Policy on Design Standards: Interstate System''. For a certain highway t ...
, but a transportation committee established to review the proposed supplemental freeway system recommended only Interstate construction between Rockford and
I-80
Interstate 80 (I-80) is an east–west transcontinental freeway that crosses the United States from San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey, in the New York metropolitan area. The highway was designated in 1956 as one of the ori ...
. The highway from
Oglesby south to Decatur was recommended to be an at-grade expressway, utilizing the existing road where possible. After a decade of lobbying by interest groups, it was announced in 1986 that US 51 would be rebuilt to Interstate standards from Oglesby to
Normal. However, due to funding concerns and local opposition, it was decided that the
Bloomington to Decatur segment would not be built to Interstate standards; this segment was made a four-lane expressway.
The first segment of the freeway opened 1984 from
IL 5 (now
I-88) in
Rochelle, to US 20 in Rockford.
When the freeway was completed south from IL 5 to I-80 in 1986, IDOT officially requested an Interstate designation for the new highway, and I-39 was officially designated. By December 1987, construction on the section of I-39 between I-80 and
IL 251 was finished. The next section, between IL 251 and
I-55 in Bloomington–Normal, was completed by 1992, although this stretch of the highway was opened in several phases as completed.
In December 1989, the section from Bloomington–Normal to Hudson opened, a distance of about .
In early September 1992, another segment opened from IL 116 north to IL 17.
Wisconsin
In Wisconsin, the highway was officially designated in 1992.
In October 1993, the
(AASHTO) established part of I-39 in its northern section between Rockford and
Rib Mountain, Wisconsin, then designated I-39 along existing portions of I-90, I-94, and US 51. However, this part of the highway was not marked as I-39 for another four years, primarily because the
Wisconsin Department of Transportation
The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) is a governmental agency of the U.S. state of Wisconsin responsible for planning, building and maintaining the state's highways. It is also responsible for planning transportation in the sta ...
(WisDOT) had to reconstruct the interchange connecting I-90 and I-94 with
WIS 78 near
Portage
Portage or portaging ( CA: ; ) is the practice of carrying water craft or cargo over land, either around an obstacle in a river, or between two bodies of water. A path where items are regularly carried between bodies of water is also called a '' ...
.
[ Signs denoting I-39 were placed along the highway in Wisconsin until 1996, when the section between Portage and Rib Mountain (near Wausau) received its signs.] This occurred after then–Governor Tommy Thompson
Tommy George Thompson (born November 19, 1941) is an American politician who served as the 19th United States secretary of Health and Human Services from 2001 to 2005 in the Presidency of George W. Bush, cabinet of President of the United State ...
designated the stretch between Portage and Wausau in 1996 after a five-year push to get the Interstate designation approved. The remaining segment along I-90/I-94 was not signed for I-39 until late 1998. The section between the I-90/I-94 interchange and US 51's interchange in Portage was previously a part of WIS 78. That route was truncated back to its current terminus when the Interstate's designation went into effect. The designation of I-39 violated Wisconsin's rule of not having any state trunk highway number duplicated—Interstate, US, or state—as WIS 39 already existed.
Exit list
See also
*
*
References
External links
Illinois Highway Ends: Interstate 39
{{Interstates
39
39
39
Transportation in McLean County, Illinois
Transportation in Woodford County, Illinois
Transportation in Marshall County, Illinois
Transportation in LaSalle County, Illinois
Transportation in Lee County, Illinois
Transportation in Ogle County, Illinois
Transportation in Winnebago County, Illinois
Transportation in Rock County, Wisconsin
Transportation in Dane County, Wisconsin
Transportation in Columbia County, Wisconsin
Transportation in Marquette County, Wisconsin
Transportation in Waushara County, Wisconsin
Transportation in Portage County, Wisconsin
Transportation in Marathon County, Wisconsin