Interstate 16 (I-16), also known as Jim Gillis Historic Savannah Parkway, is an east–west

Interstate Highway The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, or the Eisenhower Interstate System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Hi ...

located entirely within the US state of

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

. It carries the hidden designation of State Route 404 (SR 404) for its entire length. I-16 travels from downtown Macon, at an interchange with

I-75 Interstate 75 (I-75) is a major north–south Interstate Highway System, Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes and Southeastern United States, Southeastern regions of the United States. As with most Interstates that end ...

and SR 540 to downtown Savannah at Montgomery Street (exit 167B). It also passes through or near the communities of

Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...

, Metter, and Pooler. I-16's unsigned designation of SR 404 has a

spur A spur is a metal tool designed to be worn in pairs on the heels of riding boots for the purpose of directing a horse or other animal to move forward or laterally while riding. It is usually used to refine the riding aids (commands) and to ba ...

that is signed in Savannah. The westernmost segment in Macon is part of the

Fall Line Freeway The Fall Line Freeway (FLF), also signed as State Route 540 (SR 540), is a highway designed to span the width of the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia from Columbus, Georgia, Columbus at the Alabama state line to Augusta, ...

, a highway that connects Columbus and Augusta. This segment may also be incorporated into the proposed eastern extension of I-14, which is currently entirely within

Central Texas Central Texas is a region in the U.S. state of Texas roughly bordered on the west by San Saba, to the southeast by Bryan- College Station, the south by San Marcos and to the north by Hillsboro. Central Texas overlaps with and includes part ...

and may be extended to Augusta. All of I-16 is included as part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense.

Route description

Macon-Bibb County

I-16 begins at an

interchange Interchange may refer to: Transport * Interchange (road), a collection of ramps, exits, and entrances between two or more highways * Interchange (freight rail), the transfer of freight cars between railroad companies * Interchange station, a rai ...

with

/ SR 540, just northwest of downtown Macon, in Bibb County. Here, it begins a

concurrency Concurrent means happening at the same time. Concurrency, concurrent, or concurrence may refer to: Law * Concurrence, in jurisprudence, the need to prove both ''actus reus'' and ''mens rea'' * Concurring opinion (also called a "concurrence"), a ...

with SR 540. The Interstate and SR 540 proceed southeast, traveling just east of the downtown area. They cross over the

Ocmulgee River The Ocmulgee River () is a western tributary of the Altamaha River, approximately 255 mi (410 km) long, in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the westernmost major tributary of the Altamaha.US 23/ US 129/ SR 49 (Spring Street/North Avenue). Then, they have a partial interchange with SR 22 (2nd Street) that is only accessible from the westbound lanes. Almost immediately is an interchange with US 80/ SR 87 (Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard/Coliseum Drive). At this intersection, SR 540 departs the concurrency to the north-northeast. Within the eastern part of this interchange, the highway travels under a

railroad bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somet ...

that carries

railroad tracks Railway track ( and UIC terminology) or railroad track (), also known as permanent way () or "P way" ( and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American E ...

Norfolk Southern Railway The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I freight railroad operating in the Eastern United States. Headquartered in Atlanta, the company was formed in 1982 with the merger of the Norfolk and Western Railway and Southern Railway. The comp ...

. In the east-central part of Macon, I-16 travels through

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (formerly Ocmulgee National Monument) in Macon, Georgia, United States preserves traces of over ten millennia of culture from the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands. Its chief remains are m ...

but without direct access. Visitors need to first exit at the US 80/SR 87 exit. On the southern edge of the national monument, it crosses over Walnut Creek. It then travels on a bridge over some railroad tracks of

CSX CSX Transportation , known colloquially as simply CSX, is a Railroad classes, Class I freight railroad company operating in the Eastern United States and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Operating about 21,000 route miles () of trac ...

and Boggy Branch. After leaving Macon, I-16 curves to the south-southeast and has an interchange with US 23/ U.S. Route 129 Alternate (US 129 Alt.)/SR 87 (Ocmulgee East Boulevard). In the interchange, the highway crosses over Swift Creek. It crosses over Stone Creek before entering

Twiggs County Twiggs County is a County (United States), county located in the Central Georgia, central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 8,022. The county seat is ...

Twiggs, Bleckley, and Laurens counties

I-16 curves back to the southeast and has an interchange with Sgoda Road. It crosses over Flat Creek and then has an interchange with Jeffersonville and Bullard roads. It curves to the east-southeast and crosses over Savage and Turvin creeks. It then curves back to the southeast. The highway has an interchange with SR 96. Almost immediately, it crosses over Richland Creek. It then has an interchange with SR 358. I-16 curves to the east-southeast and enters Bleckley County just before it has an interchange with SR 112 just south of

Allentown Allentown may refer to: Places * Allentown, California, now called Toadtown, California * Allentown, Georgia, a city in four counties in Georgia * Allentown, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Tazewell County * Allentown, New Jersey, a boroug ...

. It then crosses over Rocky Creek just before entering Laurens County. The Interstate curves back to the southeast and crosses under SR 278 before it travels south of Montrose. It crosses over Bay Branch just before an interchange with SR 26. It then enters the southwestern part of

Dudley Dudley ( , ) is a market town in the West Midlands, England, southeast of Wolverhampton and northwest of Birmingham. Historically part of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. In the ...

. There, it has an interchange with SR 338. I-16 curves back to the east-southeast and crosses over Little Rocky Creek just before a

rest area A rest area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a motorway, Limited-access road, expressway, or highway, at which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting onto secondary roads. Other names ...

. Just to the west-northwest of a crossing of Turkey Creek, the westbound lanes have a rest area. These two rest areas are the only ones along the entire length of I-16. On the southwestern edge of

, the highway has an interchange with SR 257. On the southern edge of the city are interchanges with US 319/ US 441/ SR 31 and SR 19 (Martin Luther King Jr. Drive). It then crosses over the

Oconee River The Oconee River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map Accessed April 21, 2011 river in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its origin is in Hall County and it terminates where it join ...

. It has an interchange with SR 199 (Old River Road) just before a crossing of Pughes Creek. Southeast of that is a crossing of Red Hill Creek. Just south of Rockledge, the highway crosses over Mercer Creek. On the eastern edge of the creek, it enters Treutlen County.

Treutlen County

I-16 curves to the east-northeast and crosses over some railroad tracks of CSX before an interchange with SR 29. It immediately curves back to the east-southeast. It crosses over Red Bluff Creek. Then is an interchange with SR 15/ SR 78. The highway travels south of Sand Hill Lake before curving to the east-northeast. It crosses over Pendleton Creek and travels under a bridge that carries SR 86. Then, it begins to curve to the southeast. It has an interchange with US 221/ SR 56. It crosses over Reedy Creek and curves to the east-southeast. It has an interchange with SR 297. At the overpass for SR 297, the highway enters Emanuel County.

Emanuel County

After the SR 297 interchange, I-16 heads more to the southeast. It curves to a nearly due east direction and crosses over the

Ohoopee River The Ohoopee River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed April 21, 2011 river in east-central Georgia in the United States. It is a tributary of the Altamaha River, which ...

. Just after crossing over some railroad tracks of Norfolk Southern Railway, it enters the

city limits City limits or city boundaries refer to the defined boundary (real estate), boundary or border of a city. The area within the city limit can be called the city proper. Town limit/boundary and village limit/boundary apply to towns and villages. ...

of Oak Park. It curves to the southeast and has an interchange with US 1/ SR 4/ SR 46. After this interchange, the highway begins to parallel SR 46. It curves to the east-southeast and crosses over Jacks Creek. Then, it enters Candler County.

Candler County

I-16 has an interchange with SR 57 (Aline Road). It crosses over Wolfe Creek and then heads to the east-northeast. It crosses over the

Canoochee River The Canoochee River (pronounced ''kuh-NOO-chee'') is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed April 26, 2011 river in southeastern Georgia in the United States. It is a tribu ...

and curves to a nearly due east direction. It crosses over Sams Creek before entering Metter. As soon as it enters Metter, it passes the Metter Municipal Airport. Right after the airport is an interchange with SR 23/ SR 121. On the southeastern edge of Metter, I-16 travels under a bridge that carries SR 129. It crosses over 15 Mile Creek and then curves to the southeast. It crosses over Tenmile Creek and has an interchange with Pulaski–Excelsior Road just before entering Bulloch County.

Bulloch County

The Interstate curves to the east-southeast and has an interchange with US 25/ US 301/ SR 73 and SR 555 ( Savannah River Parkway). Then, it crosses over Lotts and Little Lotts creeks. It then travels northeast of Nevils. It briefly curves to the east-southeast, where it has an interchange with SR 67, and then curves back to the southeast. It crosses over DeLoach Branch and then curves to the east-southeast. It crosses over Luke Branch and then Boggy Branch before curving to a nearly due east direction. It has an interchange with Ash Branch Church Road. After a crossing of Ash Branch, the highway curves to the east-southeast. It has an interchange with SR 119 just before entering Bryan County.

Bryan, Effingham, and Chatham counties

Almost immediately, the highway crosses over Black Creek. It then curves to the southeast and has an interchange with US 280/ SR 30 southwest of Blitchton. It crosses over some railroad tracks of Georgia Central Railway and then crosses over the

Ogeechee River The Ogeechee River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed April 26, 2011 blackwater river in the U.S. state of Georgia. It heads at the confluence of its North and Sout ...

, which marks the Effingham County line. It has an interchange with Old River Road south of Meldrim and then enters Chatham County. The first city in the county that I-16 enters is Bloomingdale. There, it has an interchange with the southern terminus of SR 17 Conn. ( Jimmy DeLoach Parkway). It crosses over the Little Ogeechee River. It very briefly travels along the Bloomingdale– Pooler city line before entering Pooler proper. It has an interchange with Pooler Parkway. It crosses over the Savannah–Ogeechee Canal just before an interchange with

I-95 Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the East Coast of the United States, running from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Miami, Florida, north to the Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing between Maine and the ...

. Here, I-16 begins traveling along the southern edge of the city limits of Pooler. Right after the I-95 interchange, the highway crosses over the Hardin Canal. At an interchange with Georgia State Route 307, SR 307 (Dean Forest Road), I-16 begins traveling along the Savannah, Georgia, Savannah–Garden City, Georgia, Garden City line. It briefly enters the city limits of Savannah before traveling along the Savannah–Garden City line again. It has an interchange with the Chatham Parkway. It then reenters Savannah and curves to the east-southeast. It crosses over some railroad tracks of CSX just before an interchange with Interstate 516, I-516/U.S. Route 17 in Georgia, US 17/ US 80/Georgia State Route 21, SR 21/Georgia State Route 25, SR 25/ SR 26 (W.F. Lynes Parkway). Here, US 17 begins a

with I-16. It crosses over the Springfield Canal just before a partial interchange with the former eastern terminus of Georgia State Route 204, SR 204 (West 37th Street). This interchange is only accessible from the eastbound lanes. I-16/US 17 curves to the northeast. At the next interchange, US 17 splits off, where Georgia State Route 404 Spur, State Route 404 Spur (SR 404 Spur) begins. This interchange also provides access to Gwinnett Street. The highway has an interchange with Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard (Savannah), Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The westbound access for this highway is at the eastern terminus. I-16 curves to the north-northeast and reaches its eastern terminus, an interchange with Montgomery Street (Savannah, Georgia), Montgomeryi Street in downtown Savannah. The construction of this interrupted sections of Berrien Street, Jones Street (Savannah, Georgia), West Jones Street, and Charlton Street, West Charlton Street.

Miscellaneous notes

I-16 serves as a hurricane evacuation route for Savannah and other coastal areas. The road is designed for contraflow lane reversal, contraflow travel with railroad-type gates to block most Entrance ramp, entrance and exit ramps for the normally eastbound lanes. During hurricane evacuation, I-16 is converted into westbound traffic from Savannah to west of US 441 in Dublin (exit 51), a total of .

History

The first part of I-16 opened October 11, 1966, to traffic between US 319 (exit 51) in Dublin to SR 29 (exit 67) near Rockledge. In 1968, the segment between US 280 to downtown Savannah was completed and opened. By the early 1970s, I-16 was completed from downtown Macon at I-75 to Jeffersonville Road near Danville, Georgia, Danville. It was also extended from Dublin to

. In 1973, the connection between Macon to Dublin was completed. The last part of the I-16 opened on September 22, 1978, placing it in Emanuel, Candler, and Bulloch counties and completing the connection between downtown Macon and Savannah.

1990s

In 1999, Hurricane Floyd hit Georgia's coast. As a result, the eastbound I-16 lanes from Savannah to US 1 (exit 90) were Contraflow lane reversal, opened to westbound traffic. This marked the first time I-16 was turned into a one-way Interstate. This contraflow traffic method has been used since, including in 2016 in evacuation efforts from Hurricane Matthew and 2017 for Hurricane Irma.

2000s

Until 2000, the state of Georgia used the sequential interchange numbering system on all of its Interstate Highways. The first exit on each highway would begin with the number "1" and increase numerically with each exit. In 2000, the Georgia Department of Transportation switched to a mileage-based exit system, in which the exit number corresponded to the nearest milepost. In 2001, the Georgia General Assembly passed a resolution to designate the Earl T. Shinhoster Interchange at the interchange with Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard in Savannah in honor of Earl Shinhoster, who was a African American, black civil rights activist. This interchange is located in the economic and cultural center for Black Savannah. In 2003, the Georgia General Assembly passed a resolution to designate I-16 in honor of James L. Gillis Sr., a Democratic Party of the United States, Democrat who served as a Georgia House of Representatives, state representative, Georgia State Senate, state senator, and director of the Georgia Department of Transportation, as the Jim Gillis Historic Savannah Parkway. Gillis's sons, Hugh Gillis, Hugh and Jim L. Gillis Jr., James Jr., also served as Democratic Party of the United States, Democratic state legislators. Hugh was a Georgia House of Representatives, state representative from 1941 to 1953 and a Georgia State Senate, state senator from 1953 to 1955 and from 1963 to 2005. James Jr. was a Georgia State Senate, state senator from 1945 to 1946.

2020s

On July 15, 2021, a truck, with its dump trailer raised, struck the overpass bridge of SR 86 near exit 78, causing the bridge deck to shift . While no injuries were reported, the resulting damage prompted GDOT to close both directions of I-16 from exit 71 to exit 78 while the damaged bridge was being demolished. Both directions of I-16 were reopened within 48 hours of the incident. The reconstructed overpass was opened to traffic in late July 2022. Due to this, people had to take detours up to 10 minutes longer than the normal route through the towns of Adrian, Georgia, Adrian and Soperton, Georgia, Soperton.

Future

I-95 interchange

Due to high congestion during rush hour in Savannah and many deadly car accidents, the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) has undertaken a new construction project at the interchange of I-95 and I-16 (exit 157 on I-16), along with other I-16 improvements. The project, dubbed as the 16@95 Improvement Projects, includes: * The widening of I-16 from two lanes in each direction to three lanes between the junctions with

and Interstate 516, I-516 (exit 164). * The construction of a partial Interchange (road)#Turbine interchange, turbine interchange (whirlpool interchange) at the junction of I-16 and I-95, in which two existing loop ramps, from I-16 westbound to I-95 southbound, and from I-95 southbound to I-16 eastbound, will be replaced with turbine configuration ramps. * The creation of a Local–express lanes, collector–distributor road on I-95 northbound to separate through traffic from cars exiting onto and entering from I-16. * The construction of a two-lane emergency median cross-over for westbound I-16 traffic between Dean Forest Road/SR 307 (exit 160) and I-95, to assist in hurricane evacuations from Savannah. * Ramp meters will be installed at exit 160 as well as exit 162 (Chatham Parkway) * The reconstruction of six bridges, replacement of four bridges, and the construction of three new bridges near the area. * The addition of new interchange lighting at the I-95 interchange and Intelligent transportation system, Intelligent Transportation System technology to provide real-time driving conditions to travelers. The project, upon completion, is expected to result in a 32% decrease in I-16 congestion by 2030. Despite concerns from residents, no new noise barriers will be built along I-16 during the construction. A noise study concluded that barriers would not be necessary since traffic noise were not predicted to be over 66 dB(A). The project is expected to cost around $295 million. Construction, which will be completed by Savannah Mobility Contractors JV, was set to begin in the second half of 2019 and be completed by the end of 2022. However, construction did not start until 2020, has been delayed multiple times, and is now expected to cost $317.4 million. The ramp from I-16 west to I-95 south was opened on March 23, 2023, with the ramp from I-95 south to I-16 east opened on June 2, 2023. Construction is ongoing as of January 29, 2024, with long-term detour routes in place.

I-75 interchange

The interchange of

and I-16 is also undergoing construction as part of $500 million project, split into six phases, with the first three phases being worked on simultaneously. These phases were set to be completed by the end of 2021, but as of February 2023, only Phase 1 has been completed: * Phase 1: A collector–distributor road was built on I-16 eastbound between the I-75 junction and Spring Street (exit 1A), including new bridges over the

Ocmulgee River The Ocmulgee River () is a western tributary of the Altamaha River, approximately 255 mi (410 km) long, in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the westernmost major tributary of the Altamaha. * Phase 2: Construction includes improvements on I-75 between Hardeman Avenue (exit 164) and I-16 (exit 165) and the shifting of exit ramps from I-75 in each direction to I-16. Later in this phase, access to Spring Street for traffic coming from southbound I-75 via I-16 will be temporarily closed to allow for completion of the collector–distributor system. * Phase 3: A new collector–distributor road is being built along I-75 north through the I-16 interchange, along with a new westbound collector–distributor road from Spring Street along I-16 over the Ocmulgee River and portions of other ramps. Construction on Phase 1 was completed by C.W. Matthews at a cost of $63 million, while construction on Phase 2 and Phase 3 is being completed by E.R. Snell Company for $156 million. Three additional phases are included in the project, which ultimately are intended to help improve access to and from downtown Macon and Gray Highway via the currently-underutilized Second Street bridge, reducing congestion on Spring Street and North Avenue: * Phase 4: Bids for a construction contract are scheduled to occur in 2021. Second Street will be widened and ramps from and to eastbound I-16 will be constructed. Construction from Phase 1 and Phase 2 will be completed, along with the collector–distributor road through the I-75 interchange along eastbound I-16 to the Coliseum Drive/Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard exit. Access from I-75 southbound via I-16 to Spring Street will be reopened at the conclusion of this phase. * Phase 5: Bids for a construction contract are scheduled to occur in 2021. During this phase, the Spring Street loop ramp will be reopened and the temporary left turn lane on northbound Spring Street to I-16 westbound will be closed permanently. Also, Phase 3 construction will be completed, and a connection to the north-to-east ramp from Phase 2 will be built. This phase also includes the completion of the westbound collector–distributor road from Phase 3, along with a new ramp from Second Street to westbound I-16. * Phase 6: Bids for a construction contract are scheduled to occur in 2023. A tunnel will be built for the Norfolk Southern Railroad under I-75. All remaining construction will be completed in this phase. Also as a part of this project, GDOT spent $12 million in the Pleasant Hill neighborhood to help mitigate the effect of the construction and new highway ramps. The construction, which was completed in the summer of 2018, included the creation of two new parks and the transformation of Penniman House, the childhood home of the late musician Little Richard, into a community resource center. This project was labeled as Phase 1B.

Effect of construction on Port of Savannah traffic

According to GDOT, with the expansion of I-16 at its interchanges with I-75, I-95, and I-516, the estimated increase in Gross State Product, gross state product (GSP) would be $9.1 million at a cost of $1.95 million. In addition, employment would increase annually by 2,426, and the return on investment (ROI) would be 4.7.

Possible removal of the Earl T. Shinhoster Bridge

In Savannah, city and state officials are currently considering removing the Earl T. Shinhoster Bridge, which carries eastbound traffic over Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and onto Montgomery Street at the eastern terminus of I-16. The construction of the I-16 flyover ramps into Savannah in the 1960s led to the removal of Savannah Union Station, Union Station, as well as two full city blocks, which had severe negative impacts on the African American community. A study about possibly removing the ramps was approved and funded by the Savannah City Council in December 2023. The study, which is listed as the I-16 Ramp Removal Study, will be managed by the Metropolitan Planning Commission, the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT), and the Federal Highway Administration. In March 2024, Georgia U.S. Senators Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock announced that $1.8 million in federal funding had been allocated toward the planning of the project.

Exit list

Related routes

State Route 404 Spur

State Route 404 Spur (SR 404 Spur) is a spur route that travels from I-16 exit 166 northward along U.S. Route 17 in Georgia, US 17 to the South Carolina state line. As its number suggests, it is a spur from SR 404, the Unsigned highway, unsigned route that is designated along the full length of I-16. However, SR 404 Spur is actually a signed highway. Near the northern end is the Talmadge Memorial Bridge. Exit list

Interstate 516

Interstate 516 (I-516) is a List of auxiliary Interstate Highways, auxiliary route from Georgia State Route 21, SR 21 (Augusta Road) in Garden City, Georgia, Garden City to DeRenne Avenue in Savannah, Georgia, Savannah. It is also known as W.F. Lynes Parkway and has an unsigned designation of State Route 421 (SR 421).

References

External links

I-16 at the Interstate Guide
{{DEFAULTSORT:I16 Interstate Highway System, 16 Interstate Highways in Georgia (U.S. state), 16 Transportation in Macon, Georgia, Interstate 16 Transportation in Bibb County, Georgia Transportation in Twiggs County, Georgia Transportation in Bleckley County, Georgia Transportation in Laurens County, Georgia Transportation in Treutlen County, Georgia Transportation in Emanuel County, Georgia Transportation in Candler County, Georgia Transportation in Bulloch County, Georgia Transportation in Bryan County, Georgia Transportation in Effingham County, Georgia Transportation in Chatham County, Georgia Roads in Savannah, Georgia, Interstate 16 1966 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)