The Intendancy of Tarma (), also known informally as Tarma Province (), was one of the territorial divisions of the

Viceroyalty of Peru The Viceroyalty of Peru (), officially known as the Kingdom of Peru (), was a Monarchy of Spain, Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in ...

. The territory was ruled from

Tarma Santa Ana de la Ribera de Tarma, known as Tarma, is the capital city of Tarma Province in Junín Region, Peru. The city has a population of 43,042 as of the 2017 census. History Pre-Hispanic era Recent archaeological excavations show that pri ...

. It existed from its creation in 1784 until it was replaced by the

departments Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military * Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

and Huaylas on February 12, 1821.

History

The corregimientos were suppressed in 1784 by King

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

and replaced by the intendancies. The intendancy system was established in the

by royal order of August 5, 1783, and the Royal Ordinance of Intendants of January 28, 1782 was applied. In the territory of the archbishopric of Lima, the intendancies of

Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...

and Tarma were created. The intendancy of Tarma was made up of the ''

corregimiento ''Corregimiento'' (; , ) is a Spanish term used for country subdivisions for royal administrative purposes, ensuring districts were under crown control as opposed to local elites. A ''corregimiento'' was usually headed by a '' corregidor''. The ...

s'' of Tarma, Huaylas, Jauja, Cajatambo, Conchucos, Huamalíes and Huánuco. The first intendant of Tarma was

Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

Juan María Gálvez, who took office in 1784, appointed by the viceroy at the proposal of and approved by the king on January 24, 1785. The Panataguas district was created in 1793, the Chavín de Pariaca district possibly created in 1809. At the beginning of November 1820, during the

Peruvian War of Independence The Peruvian War of Independence () was a series of military conflicts in Peru from 1809 to 1826 that resulted in the country's independence from the Spanish Empire. Part of the broader Spanish American wars of independence, it led to the dis ...

carried out by General

José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (; 25 February 177817 August 1850), nicknamed "the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru", was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and central parts of South America's succe ...

, the population of the city of

supported General

Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales ( Reinoso, Spain, June 13, 1770 – Moraya, Bolivia, December 4, 1831) was an Argentine general of Spanish origin (considered also a Bolivian for his activities in Bolivia) that fought in the war for the United P ...

, who was pursuing the royalist troops in their retreat towards the

Andes The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range ...

. On November 25, General Álvarez de Arenales entered Tarma, being received with joy by the city and on November 28 at the Open Town Hall in the Plaza Mayor. The Tarmeños launched the first cry for independence, the most notable residents of the city signing the act that was published the next day. Álvarez de Arenales endorsed the appointment of as Political and Military Governor, leaving the militias of Tarma,

Jauja Jauja (Shawsha Wanka Quechua: , or , formerly in Spanish , with pronunciation of "x" as "sh") is a city and capital of Jauja Province in Peru. It is situated in the fertile Mantaro Valley, to the northwest of Huancayo (the capital of Junín ...

and

Huancayo Huancayo (; in , '(place) with a (sacred) rock', ) is the capital of the Junín Region and Huancayo Province, in the central highlands of Peru, in the Mantaro Valley and is crossed by the Shullcas, Chilca and Mantaro rivers. It was founded as a ...

under the command of the Intendant of Tarma. This Cry for independence from Tarma was very important, because the royalists were not able to reconquer the city as happened in other towns and because it served as a base of operations for the guerrillas of the center, for these reasons Tarma was named ''Ciudad Predilecta''. By Decree of November 24, 1820, José de San Martín granted the Tarmeños the use of a silver shield on the left arm with the inscription "TO THE CONSTANT PATRIOTS OF TARMA." On February 12, 1821, the ''

Reglamento Provisional The Provisional Regulations () are the name given to an official document issued on February 12, 1821, by José de San Martín as Protectorate of Peru, Protector of Peru, considered the first legal document of the newly born state. The 20-article l ...

'', the first legal document of the

Protectorate of Peru A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over most of its int ...

, replaced the intendancy with the department of the same name and that of Huaylas. Otero was named as its president. A decree of November 4, 1823, merged the departments of Tarma and Huaylas, creating the

department of Huánuco Huánuco () is a Political division of Peru, department and region in central Peru. It is bordered by the La Libertad Region, La Libertad, San Martín Region, San Martín, Loreto Region, Loreto and Ucayali Region, Ucayali regions in the north, t ...

Subdivisions

The intendancy was divided into ''partidos''.

Intendants

The Governors (intendants) who ruled the intendancy were: * Juan María Galvez,

of the

Order of Charles III The Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III, originally Royal and Much Distinguished Order of Charles III (, originally ; Abbreviation, Abbr.: OC3) is a knighthood and one of the three preeminent Order of merit, orders of merit bes ...

(1784–1791) * Francisco Suarez de Castilla Balcarse (1791–1796) * (1796–1811) * (1811–1820) * (1820–1821)

References

{{reflist

Subdivisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru

History

Subdivisions

Intendants

See also

References