Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (full name: I.I. Leypunsky Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, ; IPPE) is a

research and development Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in some countries as OKB, experiment and design, is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products. R&D constitutes the first stage ...

institute in the field of nuclear technology located in

Obninsk Obninsk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River southwest of Moscow and northeast of Kaluga. Its population is 125,376 at the 2021 census. History The history of ...

, Russia. It is a subsidiary of

Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (commonly referred to as Rosatom rus, Росатом, p=rosˈatəm}), also known as Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation, (), or Rosatom State Corporation, is a Russian State corporation (Russia), sta ...

History

IPPE was established in May 1946 to develop nuclear power technology; it was preceded by First Research Institute Laboratory "V", established 1945, which developed into IPPE. The purpose of the Institute was the development of nuclear reactors and to solve scientific and engineering tasks in the field of nuclear power. The staff of the Institute had built the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk, AM-1 ("Атом Мирный", Russian for Atom Mirny, or "peaceful atom"), was commissioned at IPPE on 27 June 1954.

Developments

During its existence the Institute has developed more than 120 different projects, including: * the fast reactors BR-1, BR-2, BR-5, BR-10; * the reactor BOR-60 in RIAR ( Dimitrovgrad); * the reactor

BN-350 reactor The BN-350 was a Liquid metal cooled reactor, sodium-cooled, fast reactor located at the ''Mangyshlak Nuclear Power Plant'' (or ''Mangyshlak Atomic Energy Combine''), located in Aktau (formerly known as Shevchenko), Kazakhstan, on the shore of t ...

for a nuclear power plant in

Aktau Aktau (; ) is a city in south-west Kazakhstan, on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea. Aktau is on the Mangyshlak Peninsula in the Mangystau Region. Known for its strategic location on the Caspian Sea, Aktau is a port, playing a key role in th ...

(

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

); * the reactor

BN-600 reactor The BN-600 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor, built at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station, in Zarechny, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. It has a 600 MWe gross capacity and a 560 MWe net capacity, provided to the Middle Urals power ...

and BN-800 reactor for Beloyarsk NPP; * the reacto
SVBR-100 reactor
; * space Beech nuclear reactor and

TOPAZ nuclear reactor The TOPAZ nuclear reactor is a lightweight nuclear reactor developed for long term space use by the Soviet Union. Cooled by liquid metal, it uses a high-temperature moderator containing hydrogen and highly enriched fuel and produces electricity us ...

; * naval lead-bismuth liquid metal reactors:

VT-1 reactor The VT-1 reactor was the nuclear fission reactor used in a pair to power the as part of the Soviet Navy's Project 645 Кит-ЖМТ. It is a liquid metal cooled reactor (LMR), using highly enriched uranium-235 fuel to produce 73 MW of power. ...

, BM-40A reactor, OK-550 reactorl * mobile nuclear power plant - TES-3 ( ТЭС-3)

International Collaboration

The Institute collaborates with the leading scientific and research organizations of Russia, CIS and foreign countries. Among the most international projects can be named: * involves on a large-scale project:

FAIR A fair (archaic: faire or fayre) is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. Fairs are typically temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks. Fairs showcase a wide range of go ...

FAIR-Russia
. * the cooperation with France concerning the creation of fast reactors; * joint research with the USA, France, Germany, and Japan concerning reusing ex-nuclear materials of the reactor BH-600; * joint project development of the fast reactor

CEFR The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, abbreviated in English as CEFR, CEF, or CEFRL, is a guideline used to describe achievements of learners of foreign languages across Europe and, increasingl ...

with

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

; * joint project development of the fast reactor KALIMER with

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...

; * interested in FBNR project;

References

External links

* {{authority control Nuclear research institutes in Russia Nuclear technology companies of Russia Rosatom Research and development in Russia Research institutes in the Soviet Union Companies based in Kaluga Oblast Nuclear technology in the Soviet Union Obninsk Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Kaluga Oblast