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Inner City Unit were a
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
based
popular music Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training.Popular Music. (2015). ''Fun ...
group active from 1979 through to 1985, their music style encompassing
psychedelia Psychedelia usually refers to a Aesthetics, style or aesthetic that is resembled in the psychedelic subculture of the 1960s and the psychedelic experience produced by certain psychoactive substances. This includes psychedelic art, psychedelic ...
and
punk rock Punk rock (also known as simply punk) is a rock music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s. Rooted in 1950s rock and roll and 1960s garage rock, punk bands rejected the corporate nature of mainstream 1970s rock music. They typically produced sh ...
. They recorded four
studio album An album is a collection of audio recordings (e.g., music) issued on a medium such as compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl (record), audio tape (like 8-track cartridge, 8-track or Cassette tape, cassette), or digital distribution, dig ...
s, one studio EP and one
compilation album A compilation album comprises Album#Tracks, tracks, which may be previously released or unreleased, usually from several separate recordings by either one Performing arts#Performers, performer or by several performers. If the recordings are from ...
of previously unreleased material. The group were established by ex-
Hawkwind Hawkwind are an English rock band known as one of the earliest space rock groups. Since their formation in November 1969, Hawkwind have gone through many incarnations and have incorporated many different styles into their music, including hard ...
saxophonist Nik Turner, joined by bassist and keyboardist Phil Reeves (known as Dead Fred). Trev Thoms was the guitarist of the first incarnation and Steve Pond the second. Ermano Ghisio-Erba (known as Dino Ferari) and Mick Lee (known as Mick Stupp) were the drummers. Andy Anderson (drums) and Michael Vickerage (known as Mo Vicarage) (keyboards) played live and recorded with the group in the early days. Barry Downes (known as Baz Magneto), GP Wayne (known as Little Bit), Dave Anderson and Nazar Alikhan had stints with the group playing bass. Since their split, various members have got together on occasions to record or play live using the name.


History


Formation 1977–1979

In 1977, after Nik Turner had been dismissed from
Hawkwind Hawkwind are an English rock band known as one of the earliest space rock groups. Since their formation in November 1969, Hawkwind have gone through many incarnations and have incorporated many different styles into their music, including hard ...
, he traveled to
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
and made some portable recordings playing
flute The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In th ...
in the King's Chamber of
Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It served as the tomb of pharaoh Khufu, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom. Built , over a period of about 26 years ...
. With producer
Steve Hillage Stephen Simpson Hillage (born 2 August 1951) is an English musician, best known as a guitarist. He is associated with the Canterbury scene and has worked in experimental domains since the late 1960s. Besides his solo sound recording and reprodu ...
he worked these recordings into the album '' Xitintoday'' (exit into day) with contributions from members of
Gong A gongFrom Indonesian language, Indonesian and ; ; zh, c=鑼, p=luó; ; ; ; ; is a percussion instrument originating from Southeast Asia, and used widely in Southeast Asian and East Asian musical traditions. Gongs are made of metal and ...
, Harry Williamson and Andy Anderson. His group performed live as Sphynx. With Williamson he conceived the protest single "Nuclear Waste" issued as Fast Breeder and the Radio Actors, with vocals from Sting, and then contributed to the album ''Fairy Tales'' by Williamson and Gilli Smyth's group Mother Gong. On this session he met keyboardist Michael Vickerage (known as Mo Vicarage) and drummer Ermano Ghisio-Erba (known as Dino Ferari), both of whom would be pulled into Turner's band. Erba brought in guitarist Trev Thoms with whom he had played in Steve Took's Horns, Thoms in turn brought in keyboard player Phil Reeves (known as Dead Fred), the two having played in Steve Gibbons Band together. The new name Inner City Unit had been suggested to Turner by his close friend, the graphic designer Barney Bubbles.


First incarnation 1979–1982

The group recorded four tracks at Foel Studios in April, with "Solitary Ashtray" (originally titled "Solitary Astrid") issued as a single on their own Riddle Records imprint, backed with a dub version titled "So__t_ry As__id"; the remaining three tracks ("Watching the Grass Grow", "Cars Eat With Auto Face" and "Alright On The Flight") would later be included on the ''Punkadelic'' compilation. The group debuted at a gig in Liverpool, then appeared at the 1979
Glastonbury Festival The Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts (commonly referred to as simply Glastonbury Festival, known colloquially as Glasto) is a five-day festival of contemporary performing arts held near Pilton, Somerset, England, in most su ...
and at the first
Futurama ''Futurama'' is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company and later revived by Comedy Central, and then Hulu. The series follows Philip J. Fry, who is cryogenically preserved for 1 ...
(The World's First Science Fiction Music Festival) on 9 September in Leeds. By the end of 1979, the line-up of Turner, Thoms and Reeves had been joined by Barry Downes (known as Baz Magneto, bass) and Mick Lee (known as Mick Stupp, drums). They cut demos of "Space Invaders" and "Polyethylene" for
Polydor Records Polydor Limited, also known as Polydor Records, is a British record label that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a close relationship with Universal's Interscope Geffen A&M Records label, which distributes Polydor's releases in ...
in December, but no deal was forth-coming - these tracks would also be included on the ''Punkadelic'' album. They recorded the album ''Pass Out'' at
Nick Lowe Nicholas Drain Lowe (born 24 March 1949) is an English singer-songwriter, musician and producer. A noted figure in Pub rock (United Kingdom), pub rock, power pop and New wave music, new wave,Paul Riley, also issued on Riddle Records with a sleeve by Bubbles. The album consisted of new recordings of the previous tracks, with covers of the two popular Turner compositions for Hawkwind, " Master of the Universe" and " Brainstorm", as well as a cover of "Nuclear Waste". The non-album single "Paradise Beach" (based on
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...
's " Ride of the Valkyries") was released in March. Steve Redman (known as Speed Machine) momentarily replaced Downes. Turner appeared with
The Stranglers The Stranglers are an English rock music, rock band formed in 1974. Scoring 23 UK top 40 singles and 20 UK top 40 albums to date in a career spanning five decades, the Stranglers are one of the longest-surviving bands to have originated in the ...
on " Nice 'n' Sleazy" at Rainbow Theatre London on 3 and 4 April for '' The Stranglers and Friends – Live in Concert''. Turner guested on
Sham 69 Sham 69 are an English punk rock band that formed in Hersham in Surrey in 1975. They changed their musical direction after seeing the Sex Pistols play live in early 1976. They were one of the most successful punk bands in the United Kingdom, ac ...
's '' The Game'' and his group supported Sham 69 on a British tour, with G.P. Wayne (known as Little Bit) filling in on bass. Soon after Wayne and Stupp left, with Erba rejoining and Reeves playing bass as well as keyboards. Bubbles had been given studio time at Phoenix Studios and requested the four-piece, along with
Robert Calvert Robert Newton Calvert (9 March 1945 – 14 August 1988) was a South African-United Kingdom, British writer, poet, and musician. He is principally known for his role as lyricist, performance poet and lead vocalist of the space rock band Hawkwind ...
, record versions of his favourite 1960s garage/
psychedelic rock Psychedelic rock is a rock music Music genre, genre that is inspired, influenced, or representative of psychedelia, psychedelic culture, which is centered on perception-altering hallucinogenic drugs. The music incorporated new electronic sound ...
songs. 13 tracks formed the first side of an album titled ''Ersatz'' attributed to The Imperial Pompadours, while the second side consisted of a nightmare
sound collage In music, montage (literally "putting together") or sound collage ("gluing together") is a technique where newly branded sound objects or Musical composition, compositions, including songs, are created from collage, also known as musique concrè ...
pieced together of Wagnerian performances and readings from ''
Mein Kampf (; ) is a 1925 Autobiography, autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The book outlines many of Political views of Adolf Hitler, Hitler's political beliefs, his political ideology and future plans for Nazi Germany, Ge ...
''. Turner and Thoms both guested on Calvert's '' Hype'' album. In 1981, the band recorded the album ''The Maximum Effect'' at Trident Studios with Howard Massey for Avatar Records, with sleeve by Bubbles and photographer
Brian Griffin Brian Griffin is a fictional character from the American animated sitcom ''Family Guy''. He is one of the main characters of the series and a member of the Griffin family. Created, designed, and voiced by Seth MacFarlane, he is an anthrop ...
, with a guest appearance by The Damned's Captain Sensible. It included the singles "Beer, Baccy, Bingo and Benidorm!" (extended holiday version) with an appearance from the comedian Max Wall and "Bones of Elvis" with a contribution from cornetist Bill Boston. It also included covers of The Shangri-Las " Remember (Walking in the Sand)", the
jazz standard Jazz standards are musical compositions that are an important part of the musical repertoire of jazz musicians, in that they are widely known, performed, and recorded by jazz musicians, and widely known by listeners. There is no definitive List ...
"
In the Mood "In the Mood" is a popular big band-era jazz standard recorded by Americans, American bandleader Glenn Miller. "In the Mood" is based on the composition "Tar Paper Stomp" by Wingy Manone. The first recording under the name "In the Mood" was re ...
" recorded by
Glenn Miller Alton Glen "Glenn" Miller (March 1, 1904 – December 15, 1944) was an American big band conductor, arranger, composer, trombonist, and recording artist before and during World War II, when he was an officer in the United States Army Air Forces ...
, and " Sid's Song" being a traditional English folk song known variously as "Newlyn Town", "Roving Blade" or "Wild and Wicked Youth". This line-up also contributed the tracks "Raj Neesh" and "Human Beings" to the various artists compilation album '' Hawkwind, Friends and Relations''. By mid-1982 the band were struggling with some members drug problems, Huw Lloyd-Langton filling in on guitar at times in Thoms absence. In July Flicknife Records released the album ''Punkadelic'' compiled from various previously unreleased recordings, including a cover of Jan and Arnie's "Gas Money", and the tracks "God Disco" and "Disco Tango" from a side project involving Andreas Wyden. Turner was invited back into Hawkwind for their '' Choose Your Masques'' tour and pulled Reeves in with him. While in Hawkwind, they would perform live versions of "Watching the Grass Grow" (a recording from Stonehenge Free Festival 1984 appearing on '' This Is Hawkwind, Do Not Panic'') and "Human Beings" adapted as "Ghost Dance" (on '' Hawkwind Anthology'').


Second incarnation 1984–1985

After Turner and Reeves departure from Hawkwind, they regrouped with guitarist Steve Pond (who had sometimes augmented the earlier live group playing synthesiser) and bass player Dave Anderson to record ''New Anatomy'' at Foel Studios with Brian Snelling for Anderson's Demi Monde Records, with sleeve design by Nazar Alikhan. Pond programmed a LinnDrum for the album but Stupp returned for the supporting live dates. It included a cover of
Johnny Burnette John Joseph Burnette (March 25, 1934 – August 14, 1964) was an American singer and songwriter of rockabilly and pop music. In 1952, Johnny, his brother Dorsey Burnette, and their mutual friend Paul Burlison, formed the band that became ...
and The Rock and Roll Trio's "Lonesome Train (On A Lonesome Track)" and the traditional folk tune "Wildhunt". "Help, Sharks!" had a promotional video recorded for it, included on the ''Pirates of the Panasoniks'' (Jettisoundz) various artists compilation VHS tape, but the song was not issued as a single. The band toured the album from January 1985 onward, but conflict with Anderson resulted in his departure, Reeves playing both bass and keyboards. In May they recorded the ''Blood and Bone'' 12" EP at Boilerhouse Studios with Nick Green for Jettisoundz Records, followed quickly in July by the album ''The President Tapes'' at Alaska Studios with Iain O'Higgins for Flicknife. Sleeves were designed by Mary Cason. ''Blood And Bone'' contained a cover of Red Crayola's "Hurricane Fighter Plane". ''The Presidents Tapes'' included the track "Stonehenge Who Knows" originally written for Hawkwind's '' The Earth Ritual Preview'' project. Four tracks from The Imperial Pompadours album were re-recorded: Vince Taylor's " Brand New Cadillac" and The Nightcrawlers' "Little Black Egg" on the EP; Terry Noland's "There Was Fungus Among Us" and The Fe-Fi-Four Plus 2's "I Wanna Come Back (From the World of LSD)" on the album. Alikhan joined the band on bass for the live dates in support of the releases, but the band fell apart by the end of the year.


Post-ICU

Reeves, Pond and Stupp continued using the name The Maximum Effect issuing the self-released 7" single "Espana" backed with "The Wrecker". Stupp would leave, and the remaining two were joined by Cason to act as a backing band for Calvert at his
Queen Elizabeth Hall The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a music venue on the South Bank in London, England, that hosts European classical music, classical, jazz, and avant-garde music, talks and dance performances. It was opened in 1967, with a concert conducted by ...
appearance on 1 October 1986, followed by a tour of Britain. In the 1990s, Thoms used the Inner City Unit name for his own band with original drummer Erba, releasing one album ''Now You Know the Score'' as Judge Trev's Inner City Unit. In 2001, a version of ICU combining members from the first two incarnations played two shows. A fourth version of the band played the closing party of the 2006 FennerFest in
Slough Slough () is a town in Berkshire, England, in the Thames Valley, west of central London and north-east of Reading, at the intersection of the M4, M40 and M25 motorways. It is part of the historic county of Buckinghamshire. In 2021, the ...
. The final ICU tour proper happened in 2016 with the band comprising Nik Turner (Vocals, Sax), Steve Pond (guitar,vocals), Nazar Ali-Khan (bass) and Kevin Walker (drums).


Critical reception

AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Mus ...
's retrospective review assessed ''Pass Out'' as "one of the freshest sounding of all post-'70s spin-offs from awkwind" The group's support slot for
The Psychedelic Furs The Psychedelic Furs are an English rock band founded in London in February 1977. Led by lead vocalist Richard Butler (singer), Richard Butler and his brother Tim Butler on bass guitar, the Psychedelic Furs are one of the many acts spawned from ...
on 21 September 1980 at Lyceum Ballroom was reviewed by Dante Bonutto for ''
Record Mirror ''Record Mirror'' was a British weekly music newspaper published between 1954 and 1991, aimed at pop fans and record collectors. Launched two years after ''New Musical Express'', it never attained the circulation of its rival. The first UK Album ...
'' as "a real hoot, a five piece plus two strong girlie chorus who thankfully didn't take themselves too seriously. But then when you play a ska version of the 1812 Overture and hurl handfuls of rotting flora into the audience I don't suppose you can really afford to. Still, after the stark catastrophe of Ludus they were certainly a healthy blast of oxygen." Malcolm Dome in ''Record Mirror'' thought ''The Maximum Effect'' a "pure music hall eccentricity laced with modern rock idioms... a cross between the Goons, Max Miller, early Stranglers fury and Hawkwind style phrasing... The result, at best, is sharply cynical and bitingly effective." He highlights "Bones of Elvis" and "Beer, Baccy, Bingo and Benidorm" which "hidden in with the humour is a decided strain of desperation that hits home very solidly indeed... But, sadly, there is an inconsistency running through ME that at times exasperates. So what promised to be an effective new humourist album ends up as adequate but no more." AllMusic retrospectively acknowledges "The faithful declare ''Maximum Effect'' to be Inner City Unit's finest hour - and... it's impossible to disagree... only the group's growing penchant for "obvious" humo detracting from some excellent performances. ''Maximum Effect'' sounds practically state of the art." Attila the Stockbroker (using the name John Opposition) reviewed ''Punkadelic'' for '' Sounds'' as "weird and wonderful" while noting its "diversity of styles". AllMusic assessed the album as "Should one wish to make comparisons, the "regular" versions... are more complete than those included here... utthis set is just as enjoyable as anything else the band released." Andy Ross in ''Sounds'' assessed ''New Anatomy'' poorly as "While ICU score full marks for variety... the overall standard of composition is average, the production limp, and the singing anaemic." AllMusic's retrospective assessment is also critical, declaring "they turned in one of the most disappointing records in the entire Hawkwind family tree, a disheveled, featureless, and melody-less gaggle of half-songs highlighted by two numbers ("Birdland" and "Forbidden Planet") but so hamstrung by the other eight that, even today, it's difficult to discern quite what they were trying to do." ''Sounds'' classed ''The President Tapes'' as a "wiggy-brilliant album utno go on the breaking new barriers." Dave Thompson reviewed the album for ''
Melody Maker ''Melody Maker'' was a British weekly music magazine, one of the world's earliest music weeklies; according to its publisher, IPC Media, the earliest. In January 2001, it was merged into "long-standing rival" (and IPC Media sister publicatio ...
'' as "something of an acquired taste... stands guilty of not taking itself seriously... These songs, like the band who created them, are oddballs and, as such, should be cherished." Thompson's retrospective review for AllMusic is consistent with his contemporary analysis, being "up there with the very best music the band ever made, a tightly focused but, simultaneously, deliciously loose collection of riffs, rhythms, and - best of all - ideas that thoroughly corral all the promise that the band ever radiated without losing sight of the anarchy that was its stock in trade."


Other activities

Turner started his rhythm and blues and jazz rock outfit Nik Turner's Fantastic Allstars in the late 1980s. They eventually released an album ''Kubanno Kickasso!'' in 2001. Stupp played with many different bands with varying styles, moving from drums to
guitar The guitar is a stringed musical instrument that is usually fretted (with Fretless guitar, some exceptions) and typically has six or Twelve-string guitar, twelve strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming ...
over time. In the 1980s, original guitarist Thoms started the three-piece heavy metal band Atomgods which, for a while, also featured Pond on bass. Thoms died of pancreatic cancer on 8 December 2010. Pond and Reeves played together as Krankschaft, they released an album of
Robert Calvert Robert Newton Calvert (9 March 1945 – 14 August 1988) was a South African-United Kingdom, British writer, poet, and musician. He is principally known for his role as lyricist, performance poet and lead vocalist of the space rock band Hawkwind ...
songs under this name, joined by Mick Stupp on drums for the live album "Sonic Rock Solstice 2010". Following Reeves' Departure in 2011 Pond recruited the rhythm section of Alex Tsentides (bass, Ex
The Enid The Enid are a British progressive rock band founded by keyboardist and composer Robert John Godfrey. Godfrey received his main musical education from The Royal College of Music. He is previously known for his work with Barclay James Harvest ...
) and Kevin walker (Drums) They stopped playing all ICU and Calvert Material and released 3 Albums of their own material, they continue to play the UK festival circuit. Often playing an ICU song or two in tribute to Turner and Thoms.


Discography


Studio albums

*''Pass Out'' (20 February 1980, Riddle) *''The Maximum Effect'' (June 1981, Avatar Record & Screenworks) *''New Anatomy'' (1984, Demi Monde) *''The President's Tapes'' (1985, Flicknife)


Demos album

*''Punkadelic'' (July 1982, Flicknife)


Various artists compilations

*'' Hawkwind, Friends and Relations'' (1981, Flicknife)


Extended plays

*''Blood and Bone'' (1985, Jettisoundz) 12" vinyl also issued as a VHS tape


Singles

*"Solitary Ashray" / "So__t_ry As__id" ub version(September 1979, Riddle) 7" vinyl *"Paradise Beach" / "Amyl Nitrate" (March 1980, Riddle) 7" vinyl *"Beer, Baccy, Bingo and Benidorm!"
xtended holiday version ''X'' is the second studio album by the American rapper Ken Carson, released on July 8, 2022, through Opium and Interscope Records. Carson's major-label debut, it was executive produced by Opium label head Playboi Carti and features guest app ...
/ "In The Mood (Nude)" (1981, Avatar Record & Screenworks) 7" red vinyl *"Bones Of Elvis" / "Sid's Song" (1981, Avatar Record & Screenworks) 7" vinyl


Personnel

* Nik Turner -
vocals Singing is the art of creating music with the voice. It is the oldest form of musical expression, and the human voice can be considered the first musical instrument. The definition of singing varies across sources. Some sources define sing ...
,
saxophone The saxophone (often referred to colloquially as the sax) is a type of single-reed woodwind instrument with a conical body, usually made of brass. As with all single-reed instruments, sound is produced when a reed on a mouthpiece vibrates to p ...
,
flute The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In th ...
- all releases *Phil Reeves (known as Dead Fred) - vocals, Keyboards,
bass guitar The bass guitar (), also known as the electric bass guitar, electric bass, or simply the bass, is the lowest-pitched member of the guitar family. It is similar in appearance and construction to an Electric guitar, electric but with a longer nec ...
- all releases *Trev Thoms - vocals, guitar (1979–82) - ''Pass Out'', ''The Maximum Effect'', ''Punkadelic'' * J Me - vocals, Keyboards (1982) - ''Ersatz'' *Steve Pond - vocals, guitar (1984–85) - ''New Anatomy'', ''Blood and Bone'', ''The President Tapes'' *Barry Downes (known as Baz Magneto) - bass guitar (1979–80) - ''Pass Out'', ''Punkadelic'' *GP Wayne (known as Little Bit) - bass guitar (1980) - live performances only *Dave Anderson - bass guitar (1984) - ''New Anatomy'' *Nazar Alikhan - bass guitar (1985) - live performances only *Michael Vickerage (known as Mo Vicarage) - Keyboards (1979) - ''Punkadelic'' *Ermano Ghisio Erba (known as Dino Ferari) -
drums The drum is a member of the percussion instrument, percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification system, it is a membranophones, membranophone. Drums consist of at least one Acoustic membrane, membrane, c ...
(1979, 1981–82) - ''The Maximum Effect'', ''Punkadelic'' * Andy Anderson - drums (1979) - ''Punkadelic'' *Mick Lee (known as Mick Stupp) - drums (1979–80, 1984–85) - ''Pass Out'', ''Punkadelic'', ''Blood and Bone'', ''The President Tapes''


References

Footnotes Citations


External links

* * * *
Photos of Inner City Unit, Sphynx and Nik Turner eating an ice cream c. 1979
{{Authority control English punk rock groups English new wave musical groups English space rock musical groups