Indura (
Belarusian
Belarusian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Belarus
* Belarusians, people from Belarus, or of Belarusian descent
* A citizen of Belarus, see Demographics of Belarus
* Belarusian language
* Belarusian culture
* Belarusian cuisine
* Byelor ...
: Індура; ; ; ) is a village in the
Grodno District of the
Grodno Region of Belarus.
The town's name in Yiddish is Amdur, which lends its name to the
Amdur Hasidic dynasty founded by
Chaim Chaykl of Amdur
Chaim Chaykl (Chaika) Levin of Amdur (Hebrew: חיים חייקל (חייקא) לוין מאמדור; – March 13, 1787), also known as the Amdurer Rebbe, was an 18th-century Hasidic rebbe and author who is amongst the earliest founders of Lit ...
.
History
The first mention of Indura appears in the 16th century, when the settlement was under the rule of Jan Dovojnovich, who, in 1522, built a wooden church of the Holy Trinity in Indura. Between the 16th and 17th century, Indura was under the rule of
Radziwiłł,
Pac
Pac or PAC may refer to:
Aviation
* IATA code PAC Albrook "Marcos A. Gelabert" International Airport in Panama City, Panama
* Pacific Aerospace Corporation, New Zealand, manufacturer of aircraft:
** PAC 750XL
** PAC Cresco
** PAC CT/4
** PA ...
, and
Kiszka families, later being owned by the
Ogiński and
Massalski families in the 18th century. Following the
third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, Indura became a part of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
in the Grodno district and was under the rule of the Brzhostovsky family.
In 1815, a stone church was built in the town and in 1881 the Orthodox church of St
Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (; ; monastic name: ''Aleksiy''; 13 May 1221 – 14 November 1263) was Prince of Novgorod (1236–1240; 1241–1256; 1258–1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (1249–1263), and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252–1263).
...
was built, which still stands to this day. In 1885, a synagogue was built which also stands to this day. According to the
Riga Peace Treaty of 1921, Indura fell into the interwar
Polish Republic
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
, within which it was administratively located in the
Białystok Voivodeship. In the 1921 census, 64.9% people declared Jewish nationality, 33.1% people declared Polish nationality, and 1.8% declared Belarusian nationality.
On 17 September 1939, after the
Soviet invasion of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Second Polish Republic, Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Polan ...
at the start of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, Indura became part of the
USSR
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
, since 1940 it has been the center of the village council. From June 1941 to 21 July 1944 it was under
German occupation
German-occupied Europe, or Nazi-occupied Europe, refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly militarily occupied and civil-occupied, including puppet states, by the (armed forces) and the government of Nazi Germany at ...
. The Jews of the village (about 2,000 people) were herded into a
ghetto
A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished than other ...
, and in 1942 they were sent to
death camps
Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (), also called death camps (), or killing centers (), in Central Europe, primarily in occupied Poland, during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocau ...
.
Attractions
* Church of the Holy Trinity, 1815.
* Orthodox Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky, 1881.
* Amdur Synagogue, 1885.
* Noble estate, 19th century, the manor house and farm buildings have been preserved.
* Jewish cemetery.
References
{{Authority control
Populated places in Grodno region