Indulal Yagnik
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Indulal Kanaiyalal Yagnik (22 February 1892 – 17 July 1972) was an
Indian independence activist The Indian independence movement consisted of efforts by individuals and organizations from a wide spectrum of society to obtain political independence from the British, French and Portuguese rule through the use of many methods. This is a li ...
and a Member of Parliament from 1957 to 1972. He was a leader of the
All India Kisan Sabha All India Kisan Sabha ( AIKS; lit. ''All India Farmers Union'', also known as the Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha) is the peasant or farmers' wing of the Communist Party of India, an important peasant movement formed by Sahajanand Saraswati in 19 ...
and one who led the Mahagujarat Movement, which spearheaded the demand for the separate statehood of
Gujarat Gujarat () is a States of India, state along the Western India, western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the List of states and union territories ...
on 8 August 1956. He is also known as Indu Chacha. He was also a writer and film maker. Yagnik was elected to the
2nd Lok Sabha The Second Lok Sabha (5 April 1957 – 31 March 1962) was elected after the 1957 Indian general election. The 2nd Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years till 1962. 15 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 2nd Lok Sabha after th ...
from Ahmedabad constituency in the erstwhile
Bombay state Bombay State was a large Indian state created in 1950 from the erstwhile Bombay Province, with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. Bombay Province (in British India roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of Mah ...
in 1957. He was re-elected to the
3rd Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * 1⁄60 of a ''second'', i.e., the third in a series of fractional parts in a sexagesimal number system Places * 3rd Street (dis ...
,
4th Fourth or the fourth may refer to: * the ordinal form of the number 4 * ''Fourth'' (album), by Soft Machine, 1971 * Fourth (angle), an ancient astronomical subdivision * Fourth (music), a musical interval * ''The Fourth'', a 1972 Soviet drama ...
and
5th Lok Sabha The 5th Lok Sabha (15 March 1971 — 18 January 1977) was elected during February–March 1971.The term of the House was extended two times by one year at a time. However, the House was dissolved after having been in existence for a period of ...
from the same constituency from 1962 to 1972.


Early life (1892–1915)

Yagnik was born in a
Nagar brahmin Nagar Brahmin is a Brahmin subcaste from the Indian state of Gujarat. Author T. Sasaki writes, amongst Brahmins of Gujarat, Nagar Brahmins were the most prominent subdivision in the political, economic and social relation, social activities o ...
family at Jhagadia Pol in
Nadiad Nadiad is a city in the state of Gujarat, India and the administrative centre of the Kheda district. It is known for the Santram Mandir, the Mai Mandir,
,
Kheda Kheda is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of Gujarat. Kheda was known as Kaira during the British Raj. It was the former administrative capital of Kheda district. The city is known for tobacco farming. The nearest railway statio ...
, Gujarat. His father Kanaiyalal died at a young age while studying. Yagnik completed his primary and secondary education in
Nadiad Nadiad is a city in the state of Gujarat, India and the administrative centre of the Kheda district. It is known for the Santram Mandir, the Mai Mandir,
and after passing the matriculation examination in 1906, he joined the
Gujarat College Gujarat Arts & Science College, popularly and previously known as Gujarat College, is one of the oldest educational institutions of India and the second arts and science college of Gujarat, near Ellis Bridge, Ahmedabad. It was founded in 1845 a ...
in
Ahmedabad Ahmedabad ( ), also spelled Amdavad (), is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 ...
. After passing the intermediate examination, he took admission to the
St. Xavier's College, Bombay St. Xavier's College is a private, Catholic, institution of higher education run by the Bombay Province of the Society of Jesus in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by the Jesuits on 2 January 1869. The college is affiliated with ...
and passed his B.A. examination from there. In 1912, he passed his L.L.B. examination.


Independence movement (1915–1947)

Yagnik brought the tri colour flag from Stuttgart, Germany which was hoisted by
Madam Cama Bhikhaiji Rustom CamaBhi''ai''- (with aspirated ''-kh-'') is the name as it appears in the biographies. Another common form is Bhi''ai''- (with unaspirated ''-k-''), as it appears on the postage stamp. The name is also frequently misspelled 'Bh ...
. Yagnik was deeply influenced by
Annie Besant Annie Besant (; Wood; 1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was an English socialist, Theosophy (Blavatskian), theosophist, freemason, women's rights and Home Rule activist, educationist and campaigner for Indian nationalism. She was an arden ...
during his college days. In 1915, along with Jamnadas Dwarkadas and Shankerlal Banker, he published an English language magazine, ''
Young India ''Young India'' was a book written by Lala Lajpat Rai in 1916 and later published by Mahatma Gandhi from 1919 to 1931. It was also the basis for Lala Lajpat Rai's contribution to the final edition of The Seven Arts in Oct 2017. Through this wo ...
'', from
Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...
. In the same year, publication of the
Gujarati Gujarati may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Gujarat, a state of India * Gujarati people, the major ethnic group of Gujarat * Gujarati language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them * Gujarati languages, the Western Indo-Aryan sub- ...
monthly ''Navjivan ane Satya'' started. Yagnik was its editor until 1919, when he handed it over to
Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2October 186930January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalism, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethics, political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful Indian ...
. He wrote the first 30 chapters of Gandhi's autobiography in Yeravada jail after taking dictation from him. He joined the
Servants of India Society The Servants of India Society is a social reform organisation that was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who left the Deccan Education Society to form this association. Along with him were a small group of ...
in the same year but resigned in 1917 and joined the
Home Rule Movement Home rule is the government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens. It is thus the power of a part (administrative division) of a state or an external dependent country to exercise such of the state's powers of governanc ...
. In 1918, he participated in the Kheda Satyagraha led by Gandhi. In 1921 he became the secretary of the Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee. In October 1922 he started another Gujarati monthly, ''Yugadharm''. He was imprisoned by the British from April 1923 to March 1924. From 1924 to 1928, he was the editor of ''Hindustan'', a Gujarati daily from Bombay. During 1926–27, he was also an assistant editor of ''
The Bombay Chronicle ''The Bombay Chronicle'' was an English language, English-language newspaper, published from Mumbai (then Bombay), started in 1910 by Sir Pherozeshah Mehta (1845–1915), a prominent lawyer, who later became the president of the Indian National ...
''. He travelled to a number of countries in Europe from 1930 to 1935. In 1936, he took active initiative in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha and participated in its first session alongside Swami Sahajananda Saraswati. In 1939, he founded the ''Gujarat Kisan Parishad''. He was again imprisoned during 1940–41 for his anti-war campaign. In 1942, he presided over the annual session of the Akhil Hind Kisan Sabha. He started the Gujarati daily ''Nutan Gujarat'' in 1943.


Post-independence (1947–1972)

In 1956, Yagnik led the Mahagujarat Movement for a separate Gujarat state and became the founder president of the Mahagujarat Janata Parishad. In 1957, he was elected to the 2nd Lok Sabha from Ahmedabad constituency as a Mahagujarat Janata Parishad candidate. After the formation of Gujarat state on 1 May 1960, Mahagujarat Janata Parishad was dissolved. In June 1960 he founded the Nutan Maha Gujarat Janata Parishad and was re-elected to the 3rd Lok Sabha as its candidate in 1962. He died on 17 July 1972 in
Ahmedabad Ahmedabad ( ), also spelled Amdavad (), is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 ...
.


Works


Books

* Yagnik's most notable work in
Gujarati language Gujarati ( ; , ) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken predominantly by the Gujarati people. Gujarati is descended from Old Western Rājasthāni, Old Gujarati (). In India, it is one of the 22 Languages with ...
is his autobiographical work, ''Atmakatha'' (') in six volumes. ** ''Jivan Vikas'' (Development of Life) ** ''Gujarat ma Navjivan'' (New Life in Gujarat) ** ''Karavas'' (Imprisonment) ** ''Jivan Sangram'' (Life's Struggle) ** ''Kisan Katha'' (Peasant stories) ** ''Chhella Vahen'' (Last streams) * ''Yaroḍā āśrama:1923–24 na Gandhiji na Karavas na Sansmarano'', 1952 – reminiscences about
Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2October 186930January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalism, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethics, political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful Indian ...
during his imprisonment in Yeravada Jail * ''Pīr-i Sābarmatī'' (Urdu) (Gandhi as I knew him), 1943 * ''Shyamaji Krishnavarma: life and times of an Indian revolutionary'', 1950 * ''Fight for Swadeshi'', 1954 * ''Raṇachoḍadāsa Bhavāna Loṭavālā nī jīvana jharamara'' (Life of Ranchoddas Bhavan Lotvala), 1952 * His novel ''Maya'' has the Mahagujarat Movement as the backdrop and he wanted to make a Hindi film on the subject but it never happened. * ''Jaher Jivan na Sathi''


Publications

He started or edited several magazines including ''
Young India ''Young India'' was a book written by Lala Lajpat Rai in 1916 and later published by Mahatma Gandhi from 1919 to 1931. It was also the basis for Lala Lajpat Rai's contribution to the final edition of The Seven Arts in Oct 2017. Through this wo ...
'', ''Navjivan ane Satya'', and ''Yugadharm'', and newspapers including ''
Mumbai Samachar ''Mumbai Samachar'' is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Asia. Established in 1822 by Fardunjee Marzban, it is published in Gujarati language, Gujarati and English. History The ''Mumbai Samachar'', Asia's oldest continuously pu ...
'', ''Nutan Gujarat'', ''
The Bombay Chronicle ''The Bombay Chronicle'' was an English language, English-language newspaper, published from Mumbai (then Bombay), started in 1910 by Sir Pherozeshah Mehta (1845–1915), a prominent lawyer, who later became the president of the Indian National ...
'', and ''Hindustan''.


Plays

* ''Asha-Nirasha'' – a play depicting the Satyagraha movement in Bardoli, Gujarat * ''Raṇasaṅgrāma'' – collection of three plays * ''Śobhārāmanī saradārī'' * ''Varaghodo : Jagrat Stritva nu Natak'' – a play on feminism


Poetry

* ''Rashtrageet'' – anthology of patriotic poetry


Short notes

* "A Programme of Swadeshi for Complete Swaraj", 1967 * "Agrarian Disturbances in India"


Films

Yagnik's involvement with films began with writing about cinema in the 1920s. He wrote about Indian and Western films in the Gujarati-language newspaper ''Hindustan'', that he also edited. He went on to write screenplays for a few films, before co-founding his own film production company, the Classical Pictures Corporation. After it failed to take off, he went solo, launched Young India Pictures, and made ''Goddess Mahakali'' (1928). He quit films before the talkies era began, especially after his ''Kashmir Nu Gulab'' (1931) failed commercially, immersed himself in nationalist politics. With Young India Pictures, Yagnik produced more than ten films in Gujarati. Some of them are: * ''Pavagadh nu Patan'' (1928) * ''Goddess Mahakali'' (1928) * ''Kali no Aekko'' * ''Kashmir Nu Gulab'' (1931) * ''Young India'' * ''Rakhpat Rakhapat''


Recognition

*
India Post The Department of Posts, d/b/a India Post, is an Indian Public Sector Undertakings in India, public sector postal system statutory body headquartered in New Delhi, India. It is an organisation under the Ministry of Communications (India), Minist ...
issued a postage stamp depicting his photo with his publication ''Navjivan'' and a couple holding the flag in background on 9 December 1999. * A statue of Indulal Yagnik was erected in a small garden at east end of Nehru Bridge, Ahmedabad, and the garden was named after him.


External links

*
Introduction on Gujarati Sahitya Parishad


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yagnik, Indulal 1892 births 1972 deaths Indian independence activists from Gujarat India MPs 1957–1962 India MPs 1962–1967 India MPs 1967–1970 India MPs 1971–1977 Gujarati-language writers Lok Sabha members from Gujarat Film producers from Gujarat People from Nadiad Indian dramatists and playwrights Indian editors Indian autobiographers