Indore State

Indore State, also known as Holkar State, was a kingdom in India. Its rulers belonged to the Holkar dynasty. After 1857, Indore became a 19-gun salute Maratha princely state (a rare high rank) under the British Raj.

Indore state was located in the present-day Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The capital of the state was the city of Indore. The state had an area of 24,605 km² and a population of 1,325,089 in 1931. Other important towns besides Indore were Rampura, Khargone, Maheshwar, Mehidpur, Barwaha, and Bhanpura; there were a total of 3,368 villages.

History

By 1720, the headquarters of the local ''pargana'' (an Indian local administrative unit) was transferred from Kampel to Indore due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. On 18 May 1724, the ''Nizam'' accepted the rights of the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I to collect ''chauth'' (taxes) from the area. In 1733, the ''Peshwa'' assumed full control of Malwa and appointed his commander Malhar Rao Holkar as the ''Subhedar'' (Governor) of the province.

On 29 July 1732, Bajirao Peshwa-I granted Holkar State by merging 28 and a half ''parganas'' to Malhar Rao Holkar, the founding ruler of the Holkar dynasty. His daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military centre.

After the defeat of the Holkar rulers in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, an agreement was signed on 6 January 1818 with the British and the Indore State became a British protectorate. The Holkar dynasty was able to continue to rule Indore as a princely state mainly owing to the efforts of ''Dewan'' (chief minister) Tatya Jog.

The capital was moved from Maheshwar to Indore on 3 November 1818 and the Indore Residency, a political residency with a British resident, was established in the city. Later, Indore would be established as the headquarters of the British Central India Agency. In 1906, electrical infrastructure was installed in the city while a fire brigade was established in 1909. By 1918, the first master plan of the city was drawn by architect and town planner Patrick Geddes.

During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86), efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. During the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar, Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III, and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar, business flourished thanks to the railways that had been introduced in the state in 1875.

In 1926, Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar XIII abdicated after being implicated in a murder case involving a court dancer and her lover.

After the independence of India in 1947, Indore State, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, acceded to India. Yashwant Rao Holkar II, the last ruler of the state, signed the instrument of accession to the Indian Union on 1 January 1950. The territories of the state became part of the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat.

Rulers

The kings of Indore held the title of 'Maharaja' Holkar. The rulers of the state were entitled to a 19 gun salute by the British authorities.
The Holkar State Darbar (Court) was composed of many Jagirdars, Sardars, Istamuradars, Mankaris and Zamindars.

Maharajas

Diwans of Indore

*c. 1808 – 1811: Bala Ram Seth
*1811 – December 1817: Ganpal Rao
*1818 – April 1826: Tantia Jog (Tatya Jog) (died 1826)

*April 1826 – 1827?: Raoji Trimbak
*1827: Daji Bakhshi
*1827? – 1829: Appa Rao Krishna
*1829 – 1834?: Madhav Rao Phadnis
*April 1834 – November 1836: Sardar Revaji Rao Phanse
*1836 – 1839?: Abbaji Ballal (or Bhawani Bin)
*1839? – 1840?: Bhao Rao Phanse (1st time)
*1840? – October 1841: Narayan Rao Palshikar
*1841 – 1842?: the ruler
*1842? – 1848: Bhao Rao Phanse (2nd time)
*1848 – 1849?: Ram Rao Palshikar
*1852 – 1872: Bhawani Singh Dube
*1872 – 1875: Sir T. Madhava Rao (1828–1891)
*1875 – 1881: R. Raghunatha Rao (1st time) (1831–1912)
*1881? – 1884?: Shahamat Ali
*1884 – 1886: Nana Moroji Trilokekar
*1886 – 1888: R. Raghunatha Rao (2nd time) (s.a.)
*c. 1890s: Balkrishna Atmaram Gupte
*1890–1913: Sir Shri Rai Bhadhur Nanak Chand Ji Airen (as First Prime Minister Of State)
*4 April 1913 – October 1914: Narayan Ganesh Chandravarkar
*1914 – 1916: ....
*1916 – 1921: Ram Prasad Dube (1st time. Nephew of Bhawani Singh Dube.)
*November 1921 – 1923?: Chettur Sankaran Nair (1857–1934)
*1923 – 1926: Ram Prasad Dube (2nd time)

Prime ministers

*1890–1913: Sir Shri Rai Bhadhur Nanak Chand Ji Airen
*February 1926 – 1939: Siremal Bapna (s.a.)
*1939 – 1942?: Sardar Dina Nath
*1942 – 1947: Raja Gyannath Madan
*1947: R.G. Horton
* 1 September 1947 – 3 January 1948: E.P. Menon
*January 1948: N.C. Mehta
*26 January 1948 – March 1948: M.V. Bhide

British Residents

British Residents of the Indore Residency.Princely States of India
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*1840–1844: Sir Claude Martin Wade (1794–1861)
*1845–1859: Robert North Collie Hamilton (1802–1887)
*1859–1861: Sir Richmond Campbell Shakespear (1812–1861)
*1861–1869: Richard John Meade (1821–1899)
*1869–1881: Henry D. Daly
*1881–1888: Henry Lepel-Griffin (1838–1908)
*1888–1890: P.F. Henvey
*1890–1894: R.J. Crosthwaite
*1894–1899: David W.K. Barr
*1899–1902: Robert Henry Jennings
*1902–1903: Francis Younghusband (1863–1942)
*1903–1907: Oswald Vivian Bosanquet (1st time) (1866–1933)
*1907–1909: James Levett Kaye (1861–1917)
*1909–1910: Charles Beckford Luard
*1910–1916: Charles Lennox Russell
*1916–1919: Oswald Vivian Bosanquet (2nd time) (s.a.)
*1919?–1921: Francis Granville Beville
*1921–1924: Denys Brooke Blakeway (1870–1933)
*1924–1929: Sir Reginald Glancy
*March 1927 – October 1927: Edward Herbert Kealy (acting for Glancy)
*1929–1930: H.R.N. Pritchard
*1930–1931: Frederick Bailey
*1931–1932: G.M. Ogilvie
*1933 – 21 March 1935: Rawdon James MacNabb (1883–1935)
*1935–1940: Kenneth Samuel Fitze (1887–1960)
*1940–1942: Gerald Thomas Fisher
*1942–1946: Walter F. Campbell
*1946–1947: Henry Mortimer Poulton (b. 1898 – d. 1973)

British Agents

Agents to the Governor-General for the Central India Agency. The headquarters of the agent were at Indore.
*1845–1854: Robert North Collie Hamilton (s.a.)
*1854–1899: the British Residents in Indore
*1899–1900: David W.K. Barr
*Mar 1900–1905: Charles S. Bayley
*1905–1910: Hugh Daly
*1910–1912: Michael Francis O'Dwyer (1864–1910)
*1912–1913: John B. Wood
*1913–1916: Oswald Vivian Bosanquet (s.a.)
*1916–1944: the British Residents in Indore
*1944–1946: Walter Campbell
*1946–1947: Henry Mortimer Poulton (1898–1973)

See also

* List of Maratha dynasties and states
* List of princely states of British India (by region)
*Maratha
* Political integration of India
*Maheshwar
* Rajwada

References

External links

Santa Ana's Richest Resident, The Maharajah of IndoreRoyal Family of Indore

{{Authority control

1732 establishments in India
1818 establishments in India
1950 disestablishments in India
Former monarchies of Asia
History of Indore
Princely states of Madhya Pradesh
Holkar