
Incompetence is the inability to perform expected tasks or duties. More generally, it is a term that indicates the
ineffectiveness of a
subject
Subject ( "lying beneath") may refer to:
Philosophy
*''Hypokeimenon'', or ''subiectum'', in metaphysics, the "internal", non-objective being of a thing
**Subject (philosophy), a being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or ...
or
system
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its open system (systems theory), environment, is described by its boundaries, str ...
in relation to its universe. It can have several meanings: social, economic,
systemic and even in nature. It is the opposite of
competence
Broad concept article:
*Competence (polyseme), capacity or ability to perform effectively
Competence or competency may also refer to:
*Competence (human resources), ability of a person to do a job properly
**Competence-based management, performa ...
which is being skilled or capable of something, or the
opposite
In lexical semantics, opposites are words lying in an inherently incompatible binary relationship. For example, something that is ''even'' entails that it is not ''odd''. It is referred to as a 'binary' relationship because there are two members i ...
of the concept of
competitiveness
Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individ ...
.
The
Peter principle is a controversial and oversimplified concept that postulates that talented employees are promoted until they are given a managerial job they are not good at and thus "reach their level of incompetence".
Incompetence can be both conscious and unconscious, that is, whether one is aware of one's own incompetence or not.
It has been argued that unconscious incompetence can flourish more easily in workplaces where everyone has the same education.
Incompetence is sometimes seen alongside
overconfidence
The overconfidence effect is a well-established bias in which a person's subjective ''confidence'' in their judgments is reliably greater than the objective ''accuracy'' of those judgments, especially when confidence is relatively high. Overconfide ...
, known as the
Dunning-Kruger effect, which claims that incompetent people often grossly overestimate their abilities.
Examples
Social
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not.
Etymology
The word "social" derives fro ...
incompetence indicates a physical person or system that does not have the capacity or necessary skills to solve problems or function effectively.
Administrative incompetence is when dysfunctional administrative behavior hinders the achievement of the
organization's goals.
Economic
An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...
incompetence can refer to a company or economic system that is unable to maintain itself effectively in the market.
Judicial
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...
incompetence can, for example, be when a court declares itself incompetent when the case it is handling is outside its scope.
In the wild nature, an aging
predator
Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common List of feeding behaviours, feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation ...
becomes incompetent at finding its natural prey, which can cause them to choose prey that was previously outside its food range. This is common in
tigers
The tiger (''Panthera tigris'') is a large cat and a member of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Asia. It has a powerful, muscular body with a large head and paws, a long tail and orange fur with black, mostly vertical stripes. It is tradition ...
in India and
lion
The lion (''Panthera leo'') is a large Felidae, cat of the genus ''Panthera'', native to Sub-Saharan Africa and India. It has a muscular, broad-chested body (biology), body; a short, rounded head; round ears; and a dark, hairy tuft at the ...
s in Africa.
Theories of incompetence
The following generic examples are intended to explain the causes of incompetence.
In terms of
employment
Employment is a relationship between two party (law), parties Regulation, regulating the provision of paid Labour (human activity), labour services. Usually based on a employment contract, contract, one party, the employer, which might be a cor ...
, a person becomes incompetent in their position when one of these situations occur:
* Lack of personal
motivation
Motivation is an mental state, internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior. It is often understood as a force that explains why people or animals initiate, continue, or terminate a certain behavior at a particul ...
and lack of
leadership
Leadership, is defined as the ability of an individual, group, or organization to "", influence, or guide other individuals, teams, or organizations.
"Leadership" is a contested term. Specialist literature debates various viewpoints on the co ...
from superiors
* Promotions to positions for which one is not
qualified
Qualification may refer to:
Processes
* Qualifications-Based Selection (QBS), a competitive contract procurement process established by the United States Congress
* Process qualification, ensures that manufacturing and production processes can ...
for
* Loss of the
objectives and key results
Objectives and key results (OKR, alternatively OKRs) is a goal-setting framework used by individuals, teams, and organizations to define measurable goals and track their outcomes. The development of OKR is generally attributed to Andrew Grove w ...
of one's position
* Acquisition of bad
work habits
*
Conformism
Conformity or conformism is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to social group, group norms, politics or being like-minded. Social norm, Norms are implicit, specific rules, guidance shared by a group of individuals, that guide t ...
and passivity in the face of
change
Change, Changed or Changing may refer to the below. Other forms are listed at
Alteration
* Impermanence, a difference in a state of affairs at different points in time
* Menopause, also referred to as "the change", the permanent cessation of t ...
* Dilution of the authority of the different levels of the system
* Despair over ambiguous
policies
Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an orga ...
* Inability to work in a team, inability to socialize

In economic terms,
Eco-estructura de la empresa y competitividad
/ref> a company may become incompetent in the market when any of these examples occur:
* Inability to understand changes and trend
A fad, trend, or craze is any form of collective behavior that develops within a culture, a generation, or social group in which a group of people enthusiastically follow an impulse for a short time period.
Fads are objects or behaviors th ...
s in the market
* Inability to adapt to market
Market is a term used to describe concepts such as:
*Market (economics), system in which parties engage in transactions according to supply and demand
*Market economy
*Marketplace, a physical marketplace or public market
*Marketing, the act of sat ...
demands
* Inability to maintain the balance between supply and demand
In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a Market (economics), market. It postulates that, Ceteris_paribus#Applications, holding all else equal, the unit price for a particular Good (economics), good ...
* Lack of modernization
Modernization theory or modernisation theory holds that as societies become more economically modernized, wealthier and more educated, their political institutions become increasingly liberal democratic and rationalist. The "classical" theories ...
and incorporation of new technological tools
* Lack of adequate marketing
Marketing is the act of acquiring, satisfying and retaining customers. It is one of the primary components of Business administration, business management and commerce.
Marketing is usually conducted by the seller, typically a retailer or ma ...
* Excessive bureaucracy
Bureaucracy ( ) is a system of organization where laws or regulatory authority are implemented by civil servants or non-elected officials (most of the time). Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments ...
* Rigid management and mediocre middle management
Middle management is the intermediate management level of a hierarchical organization that is subordinate to the executive management and responsible for "team leading" line managers and/or "specialist" line managers. Middle management is indire ...
* Non-existent, poorly implemented or weak quality management
Total quality management, Total Quality management (TQM), ensures that an organization, product, or service consistently performs as intended, as opposed to Quality Management, which focuses on work process and procedure standards. It has four mai ...
systems
* Poor business practices
* Poor productivity
Productivity is the efficiency of production of goods or services expressed by some measure. Measurements of productivity are often expressed as a ratio of an aggregate output to a single input or an aggregate input used in a production proce ...
rates
* Objectives og policies
Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an orga ...
are not transferred to lower levels of authority
* Inability to negotiate and conquer niches with demand
See also
* Darwin Awards
The Darwin Awards are a rhetorical tongue-in-cheek honor that originated in Usenet newsgroup discussions around 1985. They recognize individuals who have supposedly Culling, contributed to human evolution by natural selection, selecting thems ...
, an ironic "prize" given to individuals whose incompetence results in their death or loss of the ability to reproduce
* Insanity defense
The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is an affirmative Defense (legal), defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for their actions due to a mental illness, psychiatric disease ...
, a term for whether a person is criminally responsible for something they have done
* Parody
A parody is a creative work designed to imitate, comment on, and/or mock its subject by means of satire, satirical or irony, ironic imitation. Often its subject is an Originality, original work or some aspect of it (theme/content, author, style, e ...
, a form of humor that often makes fun of incompetence
References
Human behavior