Incirrata (or Incirrina) is a suborder of the order Octopoda. The suborder contains the classic " benthic octopuses," as well as many pelagic octopus

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

, including the

paper nautilus The argonauts (genus ''Argonauta'', the only extant genus in the family Argonautidae) are a group of pelagic octopuses. They are also called paper nautili, referring to the paper-thin eggcase that females secrete. This structure lacks the gas-fi ...

es. The incirrate octopuses are distinguished from the cirrate octopuses by the absence in the former of the "cirri" filaments (found with the suckers) for which the cirrates are named, as well as by the lack of paired swimming fins on the head, and lack of a small internal shell (the "shell" of '' Argonauta'' species is not a true shell, but a thin

calcite Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scra ...

egg case).

Classification

*CLASS

CEPHALOPODA A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural , ; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, ...

**Subclass

Nautiloid Nautiloids are a group of marine cephalopods ( Mollusca) which originated in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living ''Nautilus'' and '' Allonautilus''. Fossil nautiloids are diverse and speciose, with over 2,500 recorded speci ...

ea: nautilus **Subclass †

Ammonoidea Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These molluscs, commonly referred to as ammonites, are more closely related to living coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid and cuttl ...

: ammonites **Subclass

Coleoidea Subclass Coleoidea, or Dibranchiata, is the grouping of cephalopods containing all the various taxa popularly thought of as "soft-bodied" or "shell-less" (i.e., octopuses, squid and cuttlefish). Unlike its extant sister group, Nautiloidea, whos ...

***Superorder

Decapodiformes Decapodiformes is a superorder of Cephalopoda comprising all cephalopod species with ten limbs, specifically eight short arms and two long tentacles. It is hypothesized that the ancestral coleoid had five identical pairs of limbs, and that one ...

squid True squid are molluscs with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder Decapodiformes, though many other molluscs within the broader Neocoleoidea are also called squid despite not strictly fitting ...

cuttlefish Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine molluscs of the order Sepiida. They belong to the class Cephalopoda which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses. Cuttlefish have a unique internal shell, the cuttlebone, which is used for control ...

***Superorder

Octopodiformes Octopodiformes is a superorder of the subclass Coleoidea, comprising the octopuses and the vampire squid. All living members of Octopodiformes have eight arms, either lacking the two tentacles of squid (as is the case in octopuses) or modifying t ...

****Family † Trachyteuthididae (''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'') ****Order

Vampyromorphida Vampyromorphida is an order of cephalopods comprising one known extant species ('' Vampyroteuthis infernalis'') and many extinct taxa. Physically, they somewhat resemble octopuses (their closest relatives), but the eight arms are united by a web ...

: vampire squid ****Order Octopoda *****Genus †'' Keuppia'' (''

'') *****Genus †''

Palaeoctopus ''Palaeoctopus newboldi'' is an extinct basal octopod that lived in the Late Cretaceous, approximately 89 to 71 million years ago. Fossil material assigned to this species originates from the Mount Hajoula region in Lebanon. The holotype was fo ...

'' (''

'') *****Genus †'' Paleocirroteuthis'' (''

'') *****Genus †'' Proteroctopus'' (''

'') *****Genus †'' Styletoctopus'' (''

'') *****Suborder

Cirrina Cirrina or Cirrata is a suborder and one of the two main divisions of octopuses. Cirrate octopuses have a small, internal shell and two fins on their head, while their sister suborder Incirrina has neither. The fins of cirrate octopods are ass ...

: finned deep-sea octopus *****Suborder Incirrata ******Superfamily Octopodoidea *******Family

Amphitretidae Amphitretidae is a family of mesopelagic octopods which contains three subfamilies, formerly classified as families in their own right. It is classified in the superfamily Octopodoidea. Species in the family Amphipetridae are characterised by ...

********subfamily

Amphitretinae ''Amphitretus'' is a genus of pelagic gelatinous octopuses. It is the sole genus of subfamily Amphitretinae, one of three subfamilies in the family Amphitretidae and consists of two species. Some authorities consider '' Amphitretus thielei'' ...

********subfamily

Bolitaeninae The Bolitaeninae are a subfamily, in the family Amphitretidae, of small, common pelagic octopuses found in all tropical and temperate oceans of the world. The taxonomy of this taxon is not entirely certain; recent research suggests just two ge ...

********subfamily

Vitreledonellinae ''Vitreledonella'' is a genus of mesopelagic octopods from the family Amphitretidae which contains two species, one of which is the glass octopus. These octopods have the sucker on their arms arranged in a single series with the suckers widely ...

*******Family Bathypolypodidae *******Family Eledonidae *******Family Enteroctopodidae *******Family Megaleledonidae *******Family

Octopodidae The Octopodidae comprise the family containing the majority of known octopus species. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists these genera: *'' Abdopus'' Norman & Finn, 2001 *'' Ameloctopus'' Norman, 1992 *'' Amphioctopus'' P. Fischer, ...

******Superfamily Argonautoidea *******Family

Alloposidae The seven-arm octopus (''Haliphron atlanticus'') is one of the two largest known species of octopus; based on scientific records, it has a maximum estimated total length of and mass of . The only other similarly large extant species is the gian ...

: seven-arm octopus *******Family

Argonautidae The Argonautidae are a family of pelagic cephalopods that inhabit tropical and temperate oceans of the world. The family encompasses the modern paper nautiluses of the genus '' Argonauta'' along with several extinct genera of shelled octopods. ...

: argonauts *******Family Ocythoidae: tuberculate pelagic octopus *******Family Tremoctopodidae: blanket octopus Note: A new unnamed white species was discovered February 26, 2016 by

NOAA The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA ) is an United States scientific and regulatory agency within the United States Department of Commerce that forecasts weather, monitors oceanic and atmospheric conditio ...

’s '' Deep Discoverer'' about 2.5 miles below the ocean surface near the Hawaiian Archipelago.

References

Octopuses {{Octopus-stub