''Fabrizio De André in Concerto'', also known as ''L'ultimo concerto'' The last concert"or simply ''In Concerto'', is a DVD and

concert film A concert film or concert movie is a film that showcases a live performance from the perspective of a concert goer, the subject of which is an extended live performance or concert, by either a musician or a Stand-up comedy, stand-up comedian. Ea ...

by Italian singer-songwriter

Fabrizio De André Fabrizio Cristiano De André (; 18 February 1940 – 11 January 1999) was an Italian singer-songwriter and the most-prominent '' cantautore'' of his time. He is also known as Faber, a nickname given by the friend Paolo Villaggio, as a referen ...

, chronicling two February 1998 shows at Teatro Brancaccio in Rome during his successful 1997–1998 ''Anime salve'' Italian tour, promoting his same-titled 1996 album. (The tour was quickly renamed ''The Tarot tour'' by Italian music journalists and reviewers, because of its peculiar set design.) The shows are De André's last filmed ones before his death in January 1999, although not his very last: the tour, indeed, lasted until August 1998, when De André had to stop it because of the first symptoms of a recurring illness, later diagnosed as

lung cancer Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged ...

. The DVD, originally filmed as a TV broadcast on

RAI (), commercially styled as since 2000 and known until 1954 as (RAI), is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. RAI operates many terrestrial and subscription television channels a ...

, was directed by Mimma Nocelli and longtime De André collaborator Pepi Morgia, and produced by

Dori Ghezzi Dori Ghezzi (born 30 March 1946) is an Italian singer who was active as a recording artist between 1966 and 1989. In the 1970s, Ghezzi worked mainly in a duo with American singer Wess, and the couple represented Italy in the 1975 Eurovision Song ...

, who released it in 2004 on her own label Nuvole Productions.

Track listing

Act 1

# "Crêuza de mä" (De André yrics De Andrè/

Mauro Pagani Mauro Pagani (born 5 February 1946) is an Italian people, Italian musician and singer. Pagani was born in Chiari, Lombardy, Chiari, Lombardy. A multi-instrumentalist, he made his debut in the music world in 1970 in music, 1970 as violinist and f ...

usic # "Jamin-a" (De André, De André/Pagani) # "Sidún" (De André, De André/Pagani) # "Prinçesa" (De André/

Ivano Fossati Ivano Alberto Fossati (born 21 September 1951) is an Italian pop singer from Genoa. He was a member of the progressive rock group Delirium and has worked with Fabrizio De André, Riccardo Tesi, Anna Oxa, Mia Martini, Ornella Vanoni, Shirley ...

; additional lyrics by Maurizio Jannelli) # "Khorakhané" (De André/Fossati) # "Anime salve" (De André/Fossati) # "Dolcenera" (De André/Fossati) # "Le acciughe fanno il pallone" (De Andrè/Fossati) # "Disamistade" (De André/Fossati) # "Â cúmba" (De André/Fossati) # "Ho visto Nina volare" (De André/Fossati) # "Smisurata preghiera" (De André/Fossati/

Álvaro Mutis Álvaro Mutis Jaramillo (August 25, 1923 – September 22, 2013) was a Colombian poet, novelist, and essayist. His best-known work is the novel sequence '' The Adventures and Misadventures of Maqroll'', which revolves around the character o ...

) *Tracks 1–3 originally released on ''

Crêuza de mä ''Crêuza de mä'' (; "Muletrack by the sea") is the eleventh studio album by Fabrizio De André, entirely sung in the Ligurian language, more specifically in the dialect of Genoa. All the songs were written by De André and Mauro Pagani, with al ...

'' *Tracks 4–12 originally released on ''

Anime salve ''Anime salve'' is the final album released by Italian singer/songwriter Fabrizio De André in 1996. It was written together with fellow Genoan Ivano Fossati. In a 2011 interview within the DVD documentary series ''Dentro Faber'' .e. ''Inside Fa ...

Act 2

#"Nel bene e nel male" In good and in evil"(Cristiano De André/Daniele Fossati) – performed by

Cristiano De André Cristiano De André (; born 29 December 1962) is an Italian singer-songwriter and musician. During his career, he competed four times in the Sanremo Music Festival, receiving three Critics' Awards. Biography The son of Fabrizio De André and his ...

#"Invincibili" Invincible"(Cristiano De André/ Massimo Bubola) – performed by Cristiano De André #"L'infanzia di Maria" (De André yrics De André/

Gian Piero Reverberi Gian Piero Reverberi (, born 29 July 1939) is an Italian pianist, composer, arranger, conductor, and entrepreneur. Biography After obtaining Diplomas in piano and composition from the Paganini Conservatory in Genoa, Reverberi worked in a wid ...

usic #"Il ritorno di Giuseppe" (De André, De André/Reverberi) #"Il sogno di Maria" (De André, De André/Reverberi) #"Tre madri" (De André, De André/Reverberi) #"Il testamento di Tito" (De André yrics De André/Corrado Castellari usic #"La città vecchia" (De André; originally released as a single in 1965, re-made on ''

Canzoni Literally 'song' in Italian, a canzone (; : ''canzoni''; cognate with English ''to chant'') is an Italian or Provençal song or ballad. It is also used to describe a type of lyric which resembles a madrigal. Sometimes a composition which is s ...

)'' #"Bocca di Rosa" (De André/Reverberi; originally released on ''

Volume 1 Volume One, Volume 1, Volume I or Vol. 1 may refer to: Albums * ''Volume One'' (The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band album), 1966 * ''Volume One'' (Sleep album) * ''Volume One'' (Fluff album) * ''Volume One'' (She & Him album), 2008 * ''Volum ...

)'' #"Amico fragile" (De André; originally released on ''

Volume 8 Volume Eight or Volume VIII or Volume 8 may refer to: * ''Volume 8'' (Fabrizio De André album) *'' Volume 8: The Threat Is Real'', by Anthrax *''Volume Eight'', an album published by Volume magazine VOLUME is a biannual international magazine ...

)'' #"Fiume Sand Creek" (De André/Bubola; originally released on ''

'' (1981), also known as ''L'Indiano'') #"Il pescatore" (De André/Reverberi/Franco Zauli; originally released as a standalone single in 1970) #"Via del Campo" (De André/

Enzo Jannacci Vincenzo "Enzo" Jannacci (; 3 June 1935 – 29 March 2013) was an Italian singer-songwriter, pianist, actor and comedian. He is regarded as one of the most important artists in the post-war Italian music scene. Jannacci is widely considered as ...

; originally released on ''Volume 1'') #"Geordie" (Traditional, adapted by De André; originally released as a single in 1966) #"Volta la carta" (De André/Bubola; originally released on ''

Rimini Rimini ( , ; or ; ) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. Sprawling along the Adriatic Sea, Rimini is situated at a strategically-important north-south passage along the coast at the southern tip of the Po Valley. It is ...

'') *Track 1 originally released on Cristiano De André's 1995 album ''Sul confine''. *Track 2 originally released on Cristiano De André's 1992 album ''Canzoni con il naso lungo''. *Tracks 3–7 originally released on '' La buona novella''

DVD special features

*"Fabrizio: talking about ''Crêuza de mä'' and ''Anime salve''" – De André's spoken explanations of the musical and lyrical contents of the albums, presented as a separate feature in order not to disrupt the flow of the music. *"Backstage: Fabrizio, Cristiano, Luvi" – Interviews with De André, his son and his daughter. *"The band" – Excerpts from interviews with De André and the band members, also including rehearsal fragments. *"Discography": a detailed discography, presented as animated CG listings.

Overview

The show consists of two acts, set apart by their musical content. Act 1 starts with three songs from ''

'' (the title track and, notably, the only two songs on the album which are not about

Genoa Genoa ( ; ; ) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy. As of 2025, 563,947 people live within the city's administrative limits. While its metropolitan city has 818,651 inhabitan ...

), then De André goes on to perform the ''Anime salve'' album in its entirety and in order. Act 2, after an interlude by De André's firstborn son Cristiano, starts with five songs from ''La buona novella'', after which De André performs a selection of his most popular songs, also including "Geordie" as a bonus. The show also features lengthy and detailed spoken introductions by De André about the main three albums that the setlist is based on. (On the DVD, two of these introductions are edited out of the main feature and presented as bonuses, as described above.) Because of the higher prominence given to past material, De André's second-to-last album ''

Le nuvole ''Le nuvole'' (''The Clouds'') is an album by Italian singer-songwriter Fabrizio De André, released in 1990. The songs were written by Fabrizio De André and Mauro Pagani. As Pagani revealed in an interview within the 2011 DVD biographical docu ...

'' is completely absent from the setlist of the show; "Don Raffaé", the most easily accessible track from that album and arguably its "greatest hit", was included in the setlist for the first leg of the 1997 tour, but, according to a comment by De André in the "Backstage" bonus feature, it was later dropped from the winter 1997 setlist and throughout 1998 in favour of "Bocca di Rosa" - which holds an even larger popularity among De André's fan base.

Differences between live and studio versions

Several songs in the show were modified from their studio versions, either to compensate for the absence of musicians and performers who were featured on the respective studio albums, or for purely musical reasons.

Act 1

*On "Crêuza de mä", De André appears not to sing at all during the ''eh anda'' (etc.) chorus, as he moves away from the microphone while the band members sing. However, he does play a

bouzouki The bouzouki (, also ; ; alt. pl. ''bouzoukia'', , from Greek , from Turkish ) is a musical instrument popular in West Asia (Syria, Iraq), Europe and Balkans (Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey). It is a member of the long-necked lute fam ...

- unlike on the original studio album, where he did not play any instruments. *On "Jamin-a", he adds an

oud The oud ( ; , ) is a Middle Eastern short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped, fretless stringed instrument (a chordophone in the Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments), usually with 11 strings grouped in six courses, but some models have ...

part. *On "Sidún", he sits cross-legged on the stage floor and does not play. Again, his voice is not heard during the wordless vocalization section in the song. *"Prinçesa" starts with a few guitar notes and a tapped count-in, in order to help De André start the song with its

a cappella Music performed a cappella ( , , ; ), less commonly spelled acapella in English, is music performed by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment. The term ''a cappella'' was originally intended to differentiate between Rena ...

opening line. *On "Khorakhané", after the first verse and in the middle of the fifth, drummer Ellade Bandini plays six short hits on a very small (5-inch)

frame drum A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. It is one of the most ancient musical instruments, and perhaps the first drum to be invented. It has a single drumhead that is usually made of rawhide, but man-made mat ...

, in order to momentarily underline the slow waltz beat of the song. The same sound is also featured on the studio recording, but the instrument is not: indeed, as originally recorded, the sound belongs to a

sample Sample or samples may refer to: * Sample (graphics), an intersection of a color channel and a pixel * Sample (material), a specimen or small quantity of something * Sample (signal), a digital discrete sample of a continuous analog signal * Sample ...

of a

darbuka The goblet drum (also chalice drum, tarabuka, tarabaki, darbuka, darabuka, derbake, debuka, doumbek, dumbec, dumbeg, dumbelek, toumperleki, tumbak, or zerbaghali; / Romanized: ) is a single-head membranophone with a goblet-shaped body. It is ...

(originally played by percussionist Naco), added in post-production as a

sound effect A sound effect (or audio effect) is an artificially created or enhanced sound, or sound process used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media. In m ...

. The lyrical ending to the song is sung by De André's daughter Luvi, who takes her mother's place. *"Anime salve" and, later, "Â cúmba" feature Cristiano De André singing

's parts from the original album. *On "Dolcenera", De André's classical guitar (which was the primary marker of the

tarantella Tarantella () is a group of various Southern Italy, southern Italian Italian folk dance, folk dances originating in the regions of Calabria, Campania, Sicilia, and Apulia. It is characterized by a fast Beat (music), upbeat tempo, usually in Ti ...

beat in the song, in its studio recording) is mixed lower than the other instruments; prominence is given instead to Michele Ascolese's

charango The charango is a small Andes, Andean stringed instrument of the lute family, from the Quechua people, Quechua and Aymara people, Aymara populations in the territory of the Altiplano in post-Colonial times, after European stringed instruments we ...

, which he uses to play an adaption of

Cecilia Chailly Cecilia Chailly (born February 2, 1960) is an Italian harpist, composer, singer and writer. Biography Chailly was born in Milan, Italy into a family of Romagnol and French descent. She is the daughter of the composer Luciano Chailly, and sister ...

Paraguayan harp The Paraguayan harp is the national instrument of Paraguay, the result of the confluence of European and Guarani musical cultures. Derived from the classical angular harp, introduced during the Spanish colonization in the Jesuit Guarani Mis ...

part on the studio version. Also, the concluding lines of each half-verse, which are all featured as run-on lines on the studio version by means of

editing Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written language, written, Image editing, visual, Audio engineer, audible, or Film editing, cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing p ...

, are sung separately by De André, who omits the repeated final word of each such line. (e.g. "Nera che non si vedeva da una vita intera, così dolcenera, nera" So black that you haven't seen it for a whole lifetime, so sweetblack, black"– the word ''nera'' at the end of the line is omitted from the live performance.) *On "Le acciughe fanno il pallone", the percussion tag at the end is much more prominent than on the studio version. *On "Disamistade", percussionist Rosario Jermano plays the

berimbau The berimbau (, borrowed from Kimbundu ''mbirimbau'') is a traditional Angolan musical bow that is commonly used in Brazil. It is also known as ''sekitulege'' among the Baganda and Busoga. It consists of a single-stringed bow attached to a gourd ...

with a metal stick and a bottleneck slide, to change its pitch. The orchestration on the song, played by an actual

chamber orchestra Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of Musical instrument, instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a Great chamber, palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music ...

on the studio recording, is performed here on a synth by Mark Harris. *On "Ho visto Nina volare", backing vocalist Danila Satragno plays

caxixi A caxixi () is a percussion instrument consisting of a closed basket with a flat bottom filled with seeds or other small particles. The round bottom is traditionally cut from a dried gourd. The caxixi is an indirectly struck idiophone. Like the ...

and

castanets Castanets, also known as ''clackers'' or ''palillos'', are a percussion instrument ( idiophonic), used in Spanish, Calé, Moorish, Ottoman, Greek, Italian, Mexican, Sephardic, Portuguese, Filipino, Brazilian, and Swiss music. In ancient ...

, both of which were played by De André on the studio version. *The calm orchestral passage which concludes "Smisurata preghiera" is, again, played on keyboards.

Act 2

*During his interlude, Cristiano De André performs his solo numbers on his own, with an acoustic guitar and no band – except for a short solo on "Invincibili" by guitarist Giorgio Cordini. *All songs from ''La buona novella'', except for "Il testamento di Tito" (noted below), are played as very faithful live renditions of their studio counterparts. De André omits the spoken narration between songs and plays classical guitar throughout. He also sings the choral part in "L'infanzia di Maria" together with the band, although, as he did earlier in the show, he keeps himself slightly off-mic. *On "Il ritorno di Giuseppe", the

sitar The sitar ( or ; ) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau K ...

part, originally performed on an actual sitar by

Franco Mussida Franco Mussida (born 21 March 1947) is an Italian guitarist, composer, and singer. Biography He is best known as a founder and prominent member of the Italian progressive rock band Premiata Forneria Marconi Premiata Forneria Marconi (PFM) ( ...

, is played by Cristiano De André on an

electric sitar An electric sitar is a type of electric string instrument designed to mimic the sound of the sitar The sitar ( or ; ) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instru ...

. *"Il testamento di Tito" uses a rock arrangement, originally devised by

Premiata Forneria Marconi Premiata Forneria Marconi (PFM) (translation: ''Award-winning Marconi Bakery'') is an Italian progressive rock band founded in 1970 which continues to the present day. They were the first Italian group to have success internationally. The group ...

, or PFM, for their successful 1979 tour with De André. Five more songs in the show ("Bocca di Rosa", "Amico fragile", "Il pescatore", "Via del Campo" and "Volta la carta") also use PFM's arrangements from the same tour. *"La città vecchia" was arranged by Cristiano De André especially for this tour. The new arrangement eschews the ballroom-like

mazurka The Mazurka ( Polish: ''mazurek'') is a Polish musical form based on stylised folk dances in triple meter, usually at a lively tempo, with character defined mostly by the prominent mazur's "strong accents unsystematically placed on the seco ...

beat of the original recording (although an

accordion Accordions (from 19th-century German language, German ', from '—"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a Reed (mou ...

is still featured, played by Harris), and instead opts for a more

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...

-oriented feel, with acoustic guitar, brushed drums and a plucked

double bass The double bass (), also known as the upright bass, the acoustic bass, the bull fiddle, or simply the bass, is the largest and lowest-pitched string instrument, chordophone in the modern orchestra, symphony orchestra (excluding rare additions ...

. *On "Fiume Sand Creek",

ethnologist Ethnology (from the , meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology). Scien ...

Mario Arcari plays an imitation of a

hoopoe Hoopoes () are colourful birds found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, notable for their distinctive "Crest (feathers), crown" of feathers which can be raised or lowered at will. Two living and one extinct species are recognized, though for many y ...

's call on

ocarina The ocarina (otherwise known as a potato flute) is a wind musical instrument; it is a type of vessel flute. Variations exist, but a typical ocarina is an enclosed space with four to twelve finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the bo ...

. This part was played by Cristiano De André on the original studio recording, reportedly by

whistling Whistling, without the use of an artificial whistle, is achieved by creating a small opening with one's lips, usually after applying moisture (licking one's lips or placing water upon them) and then blowing or sucking air through the space. Th ...

into his cupped hands. *On "Il pescatore", similarly to the other choral parts in the show, De André moves away from the microphone during the "la-la-la" chorus, in order for his voice not to be heard loudly. *One of PFM's instrumental melodies on "Via del Campo", originally played by Franco Mussida on one of his "treated" guitars, is here played on

flute The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In th ...

by vocalist Laura De Luca. In this live rendition, the rhythm track is notably more prominent than in PFM's 1979 version; the song is built on a tempo at about 58 BPM, played with brushes by Bandini on a wooden box, and punctuated by Jermano on an

udu The ''kim-kim'' or Udu is a plosive aerophone (in this case implosive) and an idiophone of the Igbo people, Igbo of Nigeria. In the Igbo language, ''ùdù'' means 'vessel' or 'pot'. This is a hand percussion instrument and it is one of the mos ...

and a

tabla A ''tabla'' is a pair of hand drums from the Indian subcontinent. Since the 18th century, it has been the principal percussion instrument in Hindustani classical music, where it may be played solo, as an accompaniment with other instruments a ...

. *On "Geordie", Luvi De André sings the female vocal part as a duet with her father. As Luvi revealed in the "Backstage" feature on the DVD, the song was included in the setlist in select shows to showcase her vocal talents – in spite of it being not as popular as the other "hits" included in the second act. *On "Volta la carta", the high operatic note at the end (originally sung by a

tenor A tenor is a type of male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second B below m ...

), which was omitted from previous live performances, is back in – sung at the top of his voice by Harris.

Personnel

The show features almost all of the musicians who played on ''Anime salve'', most of which are regular members of De André's live backing band since 1991. The band also includes American-born keyboardist Mark Harris (who was a stable band member during the first half of the 1980s, but was later dismissed),

Neapolitan Neapolitan means of or pertaining to Naples, a city in Italy; or to: Geography and history * Province of Naples, a province in the Campania region of southern Italy that includes the city * Duchy of Naples, in existence during the Early and High ...

session percussionist Rosario Jermano (replacing Giuseppe "Naco" Bonaccorso, who played on ''Anime salve'' and was tragically killed in a 1996 car crash) and both of De André's children –

multi-instrumentalist A multi-instrumentalist is a musician who plays two or more musical instruments, often but not exclusively at a professional level of proficiency. Also known as woodwind doubler, doubling, the practice allows greater ensemble flexibility and mor ...

Cristiano on violin, guitars and keyboards, and Luisa Vittoria, nicknamed "Luvi", as a female vocalist.

Musicians

– Lead vocals, choral vocals (off-microphone),

classical guitar The classical guitar, also known as Spanish guitar, is a member of the guitar family used in classical music and other styles. An acoustic wooden string (music), string instrument with strings made of catgut, gut or nylon, it is a precursor of the ...

– Classical guitar,

acoustic guitar An acoustic guitar is a musical instrument in the string family. When a string is plucked, its vibration is transmitted from the bridge, resonating throughout the top of the guitar. It is also transmitted to the side and back of the instrument, ...

, bouzouki, oud,

violin The violin, sometimes referred to as a fiddle, is a wooden chordophone, and is the smallest, and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in regular use in the violin family. Smaller violin-type instruments exist, including the violino picc ...

(bowed and plucked),

, keyboards, lead vocals on "Nel bene e nel male" and "Invincibili", duet vocals on "Anime salve" and "Â cúmba",

backing vocals A backing vocalist is a singer who provides vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists. A backing vocalist may also sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist's entry or to sing a counter-melody. Backing vocalists are us ...

* Ellade Bandini – Drums;

bass drum The bass drum is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch. The instrument is typically cylindrical, with the drum's diameter usually greater than its depth, with a struck head at both ends of the cylinder. The head ...

and

maracas A maraca ( , , ), sometimes called shaker or chac-chac, is a rattle which appears in many genres of Caribbean and Latin music. It is shaken by a handle and usually played as part of a pair. Maracas, also known as tamaracas, were rattles of d ...

on "Le acciughe fanno il pallone",

jug A jug is a type of container commonly used to hold and serve liquids, but not normally to drink from directly. It has an opening, sometimes narrow, from which to pour or drink, and has a handle, and usually a pouring lip. Jugs throughout histor ...

on "Disamistade",

tom-tom drum A tom drum (also known as a tom-tom) is a cylindrical drum with no snares, named from the Anglo-Indian and Sinhala language. It was added to the drum kit in the early part of the 20th century. Most toms range in size between in diameter, thoug ...

on "Ho visto Nina volare", backing vocals *Stefano Cerri – Bass guitar,

*Mario Arcari –

Shehnai The ''shehnai'' is a type of oboe from the Indian subcontinent. It is made of wood, with a double reed at one end and a metal or wooden flared bell at the other end. It was one of the nine instruments found in the royal court. The shehnai is sim ...

bansuri A bansuri is an ancient side-blown bamboo flute originating from the Indian Subcontinent. It is an aerophone produced from bamboo and metal-like material, used in many Indian and Nepali Lok songs. A ''bansuri'' is traditionally made from a ...

launeddas The launeddas (also called Sardinian triple clarinet) are a traditional Sardinian woodwind instrument made of three pipes, each of which has an idioglot single reed. They are a polyphonic instrument, with one of the pipes functioning as a dron ...

clarinet The clarinet is a Single-reed instrument, single-reed musical instrument in the woodwind family, with a nearly cylindrical bore (wind instruments), bore and a flared bell. Clarinets comprise a Family (musical instruments), family of instrume ...

alto saxophone The alto saxophone is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones were invented by Belgians, Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in the 1840s and patented in 1846. The alto saxophone is pitched in the key of E♭ ( ...

, backing vocals *Rosario Jermano –

Bongos Bongos (Spanish language, Spanish: ''bongó'') are an Afro-Cubans, Afro-Cuban percussion instrument consisting of a pair of small open bottomed hand drums of different sizes. The pair consists of the larger ''hembra'' () and the smaller ''macho'' ...

conga The conga, also known as tumbadora, is a tall, narrow, single-headed drum from Cuba. Congas are staved like barrels and classified into three types: quinto (lead drum, highest), tres dos or tres golpes (middle), and tumba or salidor (lowest ...

s, wood blocks,

tambourine The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zills". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a drumhead, thoug ...

shaker Shaker or Shakers may refer to: Religious groups * Shakers, a historically significant Christian sect * Indian Shakers, a smaller Christian denomination Objects and instruments * Shaker (musical instrument), an indirect struck idiophone * Cock ...

maraca A maraca ( , , ), sometimes called shaker or chac-chac, is a rattle which appears in many genres of Caribbean and Latin music. It is shaken by a handle and usually played as part of a pair. Maracas, also known as tamaracas, were rattles of d ...

crotales Crotales (, ), sometimes called antique cymbals, are percussion instruments consisting of small, tuned bronze or brass disks. Each is about in diameter with a flat top surface and a nipple on the base. They are commonly played by being struck ...

cabasa The cabasa, similar to the shekere, is a percussion instrument that is constructed with loops of steel ball chain wrapped around a wooden cylinder. The cylinder is fixed to a long, wooden or plastic handle. The metal cabasa was created by Mar ...

talking drum The talking drum is an hourglass-shaped drum from West Africa, which can be used as a form of speech surrogacy by regulating its pitch and rhythm to mimic the tone and prosody of human speech. It has two drumheads connected by leather t ...

, rattles,

vibraslap The vibraslap is a percussion instrument consisting of a piece of stiff wire (bent into a U-shape) connecting a wooden ball to a hollow box of wood with metal "teeth" inside. The percussionist holds the metal wire in one hand and strikes the ba ...

mark tree A mark tree (also known as a nail tree, chime tree, or bar chimes) is a percussion instrument used primarily for musical color. It consists of many small chimes—typically cylinders of solid aluminum or brass tubing about 3/8" in diameter—of ...

cimbalom The cimbalom, cimbal (; ) or concert cimbalom is a type of chordophone composed of a large, trapezoidal box on legs with metal strings stretched across its top and a damping pedal underneath. It was designed and created by József Schunda, V. ...

, backing vocals * Mark Harris –

Music director A music director, musical director or director of music is a person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization. This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert ...

piano A piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, activating an Action (music), action mechanism where hammers strike String (music), strings. Modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, tuned to a c ...

, keyboards,

synthesizer A synthesizer (also synthesiser or synth) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers typically create sounds by generating waveforms through methods including subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis a ...

, backing vocals,

voice on "Volta la carta" *Michele Ascolese – Acoustic, classical and

electric Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwel ...

guitars, bouzouki,

, backing vocals *Giorgio Cordini – Acoustic, classical and electric guitars;

mandolin A mandolin (, ; literally "small mandola") is a Chordophone, stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is generally Plucked string instrument, plucked with a plectrum, pick. It most commonly has four Course (music), courses of doubled St ...

mandola The mandola (US and Canada) or tenor mandola (Ireland and UK) is a fretted, stringed musical instrument. It is to the mandolin what the viola is to the violin: the four double courses of strings tuned in fifths to the same pitches as the viola ...

, keyboards, backing vocals *Luvi De André – Female vocals, co-lead vocals on "Khorakhané", duet vocals on "Geordie" *Laura De Luca – Female vocals,

*Danila Satragno – Female vocals, accordion, keyboards, additional percussion

Production and crew

*TV director – Mimma Nocelli *Theatrical live show director and lighting designer – Pepi Morgia *

Film editor Film editing is both a creative and a technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking. The term is derived from the traditional process of working with film stock, film which increasingly involves the use Digital cinema, of digital ...

– Cesare Pierleoni *TV shoot – Invideo s.r.l *Audio and lighting supplier – Milano Music Service: Gigi Belloni, Giovanni "Riccio" Colucci *

Lighting technician An electrical lighting technician, or simply lighting technician, is involved with rigging stage and location sets and controlling artificial, electric lights for art and entertainment venues (theatre or live music venues) or in video, television ...

s – Giancarlo Toscani, Giovanni Pinna *Electricians – Davide Ansaldi, Luigi Germinasi, Mario Guadalupi * Grip – Stefano Micheletti *

Sound engineer An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer or recording engineer) helps to produce a sound recording, recording or a Concert, live performance, balancing and adjusting sound sources using equalization (audio), equalization, Dynamic range ...

– Giancarlo Pierozzi *Stage assistants – Vincenzo Cinone, Massimo Sartirana, Massimo Dalle Molle

Audio production

*Mobile recording studio – White Mobile *

Recording engineers An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer or recording engineer) helps to produce a recording or a live performance, balancing and adjusting sound sources using equalization, dynamics processing and audio effects, mixing, reproductio ...

– Vanis Dandi, Sandro "Amek" Ferrari *Recording assistant – Giancarlo Pierozzi *Mixed by Paolo Iafelice at Officine Meccaniche Recording Studio, Milan *

Mixing engineer A mixing engineer (or simply mix engineer) is responsible for combining ("mixing") different sonic elements of an auditory piece into a complete rendition (also known as "final mix" or "mixdown"), whether in music, film, or any other content of a ...

– Celeste Frigo *Assistant engineer – Giordano Bruno

DVD production credits

*Produced by

and Marco Godano for Nuvole Productions and MG Produzioni *Executive producer – Eliana Guerra *

5.1 5.1 surround sound ("five-point one") is the common name for surround sound audio systems. 5.1 is the most commonly used layout in home theatres. It uses five full-bandwidth channels and one low-frequency effects channel (the "point one"). Dolb ...

audio mixing Audio mixing is the process by which multiple sounds are combined into one or more audio channels. In the process, a source's volume level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated or enhanced. This practical, aest ...

– Toni Soddu for Ultracuto *5.1 audio mixed at Suono di Ripetta, Rome *

Pro Tools Pro Tools is a digital audio workstation (DAW) developed and released by Avid Technology (formerly Digidesign) for Microsoft Windows and macOS. It is used for music creation and production, sound for picture (sound design, audio post-productio ...

operator – Andrea Fabioni *Mastered by Claudio Giussani at Nautilus Mastering, Milan *Special features directed by Stefano Sollima *Special features edited by Carlo Diomonti *Audio post-production – Stefano Maccarelli *Technical executive – Simone De Rossi *Production assistant – Connie Godano *Film editing assistant – Michele De Fabritiis *

Art director Art director is a title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, live-action and animated film and television, the Internet, and video games. It is the charge of a sole art director to supe ...

– Francesca Lucci *

Graphic designer A graphic designer is a practitioner who follows the discipline of graphic design, either within companies or organizations or independently. They are professionals in design and visual communication, with their primary focus on transforming ...

– Cristiano Canestrelli *

DVD authoring DVD authoring is the process of creating a DVD video capable of playing on a DVD player. DVD authoring software must conform to the specifications set by the DVD Forum. DVD authoring is the second step in the process of producing finished D ...

– Digital Power *Graphic set-up – Roberto Masala *Cover photography – Reinhold Kohl *Special thanks to Mariano Brastio for the Discography section

Set design

The backdrop for the show, which always puts a greater emphasis on the music than on the visuals, is a

house of cards A house of cards (also known as a card tower or card castle) is a structure created by stacking playing cards on top of each other, often in the shape of a pyramid. "House of cards" is also an expression that dates back to 1645 meaning a struc ...

made up of wood panels, each one decorated with a pasted-on, oil-on-paper and hugely blown up pictorial rendition of a "

Major Arcana The Major Arcana are the named cards in a cartomantic tarot pack. There are usually 22 such cards in a standard 78-card pack, typically numbered from 0 to 21 (or 1 to 21, with the Fool being left unnumbered). Although the cards correspond to the ...

" card from a Marseilles Tarot deck; all the pictures are also vaguely similar to

Pamela Colman Smith Pamela Colman Smith (16 February 1878 – 16 September 1951), nicknamed "Pixie", was a British artist, illustrator, writer, publisher, and occultist. She is best-known for illustrating the Rider–Waite Tarot (also known as the Rider–Waite– ...

's well-known illustrations for the Rider–Waite deck, but with names in French. The backdrop was conceived and designed by Pepi Morgia, while graphic artist Paola Salvi (who previously painted the "perfect fakes" - i.e. faithful copies of famous paintings from various eras - for De André's 1992-93 tour) painted the actual pictures. As Morgia himself revealed in his 2009 photographic and textual memoir ''Tourbook'', the design was inspired by a comment made to him by De André during the very fragmentary rehearsals for the show; according to the singer-songwriter, the entire show was like a house of cards, which was constantly on the verge of falling down, but, thanks to the musicians' talent, never actually did. He also compared the very ephemeral nature of a house of cards to the frailty of his own life. Morgia's first idea for the cards involved a traditional Neapolitan playing deck, but he changed his mind after Cristiano De André showed him the illustrations from a Marseilles deck which he had, and which Morgia deemed more visually interesting to look at; later on, some elements from the Rider–Waite deck were incorporated as well. Neither Morgia nor anybody else is credited for the set design, as, indeed, both the liner notes and the on-screen credits at the end of the DVD do not include any credits for "set design". The photo book included with the 16-CD live anthology box set ''Fabrizio De André: I concerti'' .e. ''The concerts'' released in 2012 by

Sony Music Sony Music Entertainment (SME), commonly known as Sony Music, is an American multinational music company owned by Japanese conglomerate Sony Group Corporation. It is the recording division of Sony Music Group, with the other half being the ...

, features four pages which include

blueprint A blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing or engineering drawing using a contact print process on light-sensitive sheets introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842. The process allowed rapid and accurate production of an unlimited number ...

s of the stage, clearly signed "Pepi Morgia" (detailing the locations of all the Tarot cards featured on stage), as well as De André's handwritten comments on the symbolic significance of the "house of cards" design.''I concerti'' box set photo book, pages 174-175 and cardboard trays for CDs 15 and 16.

References

{{Authority control Fabrizio De André albums 2004 video albums