Some languages distinguish between the

optative mood The optative mood ( or ; abbreviated ) is a grammatical mood that indicates a wish or hope regarding a given action. It is a superset of the cohortative mood and is closely related to the subjunctive mood but is distinct from the desiderative ...

and an imprecative mood (

abbreviated An abbreviation () is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing per ...

). In these languages, the imprecative mood is used to wish misfortune upon others, whereas the optative mood is used for wishes in general. In such a language, "May he lose the race" is in imprecative mood, whereas "May I win the race" would be in optative mood. A commonly given example of a language with an imprecative mood is Turkish, which uses an otherwise obsolete future-tense suffix ''-esi'' solely in the third person for curses:

Imprecative retorts in English

While not a mood in English, expressions like ''like hell it is'' or ''the fuck you are'' are imprecative retorts. These consist of an expletive + a personal pronoun subject + an auxiliary verb.

References

Grammatical moods {{ling-morph-stub