Ileanda () is a commune located in

Sălaj County Sălaj County (; ) (also known as ''Land of Silvania'', ''silva, -ae'' means "forest") is a Counties of Romania, county (''județ'') of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the Historical regions of Romania, historical regions of ...

Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

. It is composed of thirteen villages: Bizușa-Băi (''Büdöspataka''), Bârsăuța (''Kisborszó''), Dăbiceni (''Kisdoboka''), Dolheni (''Ilondapatak''), Ileanda, Luminișu (''Szakadás''), Măleni (''Kisilonda''), Negreni (''Konkolyfalva''), Perii Vadului (''Révkörtvélyes''), Podișu (''Csömény''), Răstoci (''Hosszúrév''), Rogna (''Kornislaka'') and Șasa (''Sasfalu'').

History

Human settlement began in

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus ro ...

n times."Short history"
at the Ileanda Town Hall site; accessed October 25, 2013 In the 1830s,

Jew Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly inte ...

s began to arrive in Ileanda, and by the end of the century, the community ran nearly all commerce and small industry in the village and its surroundings. In the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...

, there was a

yeshiva A yeshiva (; ; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel. The stu ...

with 30 to 40 students, while

Zionist Zionism is an Ethnic nationalism, ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in History of Europe#From revolution to imperialism (1789–1914), Europe in the late 19th century that aimed to establish and maintain a national home for the ...

activity started in the 1920s. In 1930, there were 308 Jews or 26% of the population. In June 1942, 11 Jews were drafted into labor battalions in

Reichskommissariat Ukraine The ''Reichskommissariat Ukraine'' (RKU; ) was an administrative entity of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories of Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944. It served as the German civilian occupation regime in the Ukrainian SSR, and ...

, of whom two survived. In May 1944, 900 Jews were sent by the authorities of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...

to the Dej ghetto and then to the

Auschwitz concentration camp Auschwitz, or Oświęcim, was a complex of over 40 Nazi concentration camps, concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) d ...

. József Paneth, who became the local rabbi in 1926, escaped deportation to Romania with his family."Ghettoes"
at the Northern Transylvania Holocaust Memorial Museum site; accessed October 25, 2013 Following World War II, he served the surviving Jews until the community dispersed in 1950.Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder (eds.), "Ileanda" in ''The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: A-J'', p.544-545. NYU Press, 2001,

Sights

* Wooden Church in Ileanda, built in the 17th century, historic monument * Wooden Church in Negreni, built in the 17th century, historic monument * Wooden Church in Răstoci, built in the 19th century (1828), historic monumentwelcometoromania - Wooden Church in Răstoci, Sălaj County
retrieved on May 17, 2012 * Wooden Church in Podișu, built in the 18th century, historic monument * Forest “La Castani”, Natural reserve * Măgurici Cave, Natural reserve

References

External links

Official site

Image gallery

File:Biserica de lemn din Negreni101.jpg, Wooden Church in Negreni File:Biserica din Rastoci.jpg, Wooden Church in Răstoci File:Biserica de lemn din Podisu101.jpg, Wooden Church in Podişu {{Authority control Communes in Sălaj County Localities in Transylvania