Il Messaggiere

''Il Messaggiere'', later known as ''Il Messaggere'' (English: "The Messenger") from 1800, was a newspaper published in Modena between 1749 and 1859, with some interruptions during the Napoleonic era. It served as the official newspaper of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, an ancient independent Italian State.

Foundation and first editor

After the final issue of the ancient newspaper Modona in 1700, no other newspaper was printed in Modena until Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena, requested Abbot Antonio Bernardi to start publishing ''Il Messaggiere''. Bernardi, also known by his nickname ''Abate Falloppia'', had previously published a handwritten avviso titled ''Europa'' in Venice. He moved to Modena in the summer of 1749. The first issue of ''Il Messaggiere'' was dated August 14, 1749. It was published weekly on Wednesdays, with ''Tip. Zuliani Claudio e Antonio'' initially serving as printers, followed later by ''Soliani Bartolomeo''.

An article published in ''Il Messaggiere'' on July 27, 1756, offended Prime Minister Felice Antonio Bianchi, who then secured Bernardi's dismissal from the Duke. Bernardi's last issue of the newspaper was published on August 25, 1756. Abbot Antonio Bernardi died in extreme poverty in Modena on 17 August 1757 at the age of 78. He was probably a Frenchman.

18th century and Napoleonic era

On September 1, 1756, the newspaper was taken over by the new publisher, Pellegrino Niccolò Loschi. It continued to be issued weekly, with ''Tip. Eredi di Bartolomeo Soliani'' as the printers. The image near the title depicted a courier riding a horse towards a town on the right; on May 25, 1757, the image was reversed, showing the town on the left.

The newspaper covered major public events in Modena, but most of its content was dedicated to foreign affairs, particularly those relevant to the Habsburg Empire. After Loschi, other publishers followed, all careful to adhere to the Duke's political line: Camillo Tori from June 6, 1759, Mr. Renza from 1761, Giuseppe Maria Cavi from 1770, and Giovan Battista Munarini from 1782 to 1796.
From July 1, 1767, the design of the first page changed: the only image was the coat of arms of the House of Este, who ruled the Duchy of Modena, without any headlines. The title, ''Il Messaggiere'', was nestled into the coat of arms. From March 1, 1780, it retained only the coat of arms without any title.

The last issue of ''Il Messaggiere'' during the Ancien Régime was published on May 4, 1796, three days before Duke Ercole III d'Este fled to Venice due to the French invasion.During the Napoleonic era, ''Il Messaggiere'' was published twice: from January 22 to June 18, 1800, and from January 16 to December 27, 1805, always edited by the Soliani family with the Este coat of arms and the usual title. The closures in 1800 were due to Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Marengo, and in 1805 due to disagreements with the French government.

Early 19th century

With the dissolution of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1814, following the Battle of Waterloo, the Duchy of Modena and Reggio was restored, and the newspaper was again published by the Soliani family starting from January 4, 1815, under the title ''Il Messaggiere Modenese'' on a biweekly basis. In 1822, it was transferred from the Soliani Printing House to the Government Printing Press.

As the official newspaper of the Duchy, it ran until April 18, 1848, when it ceased publication due to the Revolutions of 1848. ''Il Messaggiere'' was published again from September 1, 1848, incorporating the experiences of other reactionary newspapers published in Modena. During these years, the newspaper had a circulation of about five hundred copies and was published three times a week, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and sometimes also on Saturdays in a half edition.

Last years

After the Battle of Magenta, on June 11, 1859, Francis V, Duke of Modena, fled, marking the end of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. On June 10, ''Il Messaggiere'' was published in its usual form for the last time. On June 15, it retained its old name but replaced the coat of arms of the House of Austria-Este with that of the House of Savoy. On June 20, it changed its name to ''Gazzetta di Modena''.

The ''Gazzetta di Modena'' aimed to be the official newspaper of the town's government and had a circulation of about two thousand copies. The last issue was published on October 30, 1862, two years after the Unification of Italy.

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Messaggiere, il
Defunct newspapers published in Italy
Italian-language newspapers
Mass media in Modena
Publications established in 1749
Publications disestablished in 1859