''Il Baretti'' was a monthly literary magazine which was one of the publications launched and edited by

Piero Gobetti Piero Gobetti (; 19 June 1901 – 15 February 1926) was an Italian journalist, intellectual, and anti-fascist. A radical and revolutionary liberal, he was an exceptionally active campaigner and critic in the crisis years in Italy after the Fir ...

. The magazine was published in Turin in the period between 1924 and 1928. The title was a reference to Giuseppe Baretti, who was an author in the eighteenth century, an exile and pre-romantic pilgrim.

History and profile

''Il Baretti'' was first published in Turin on 23 December 1924. It was the third and last publication started by Piero Gobetti. It was started as a four-page literary supplement of Gobetti's other magazine '' La Rivoluzione Liberale''. He used the magazine to continue his critical approach towards

Fascism Fascism ( ) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement. It is characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hie ...

after the closure of ''La Rivoluzione Liberale'' in 1925. Gobetti directed the magazine from its start in 1924 to until his death in February 1926.

Augusto Monti Augusto Monti (29 August 1881 in Monastero Bormida – 11 July 1966 in Rome) was an Italian writer and professor. A strenuous opposer of fascism since its beginning, Monti was imprisoned by the regime. He directed the magazine '' Il Baretti'' fr ...

took over the magazine following the death of Gobetti. Monti was succeeded by Santino Caramella and Piero Zanetti who directed it until its closure in December 1928. ''Il Baretti'' came out monthly and featured reviews and essays. Its major contributors included

Leone Ginzburg Leone Ginzburg (, ; 4 April 1909 – 5 February 1944) was an Italian editor, writer, journalist and teacher, as well as an important anti-fascist political activist and a hero of the resistance movement. He was the husband of the renowned author ...

Benedetto Croce Benedetto Croce, ( , ; 25 February 1866 – 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography, and aesthetics. A Cultural liberalism, poli ...

Eugenio Montale Eugenio Montale (; 12 October 1896 – 12 September 1981) was an Italian poet, prose writer, editor and translator. In 1975, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for 'for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has ...

and

Gaetano Salvemini Gaetano Salvemini (; 8 September 1873 – 6 September 1957) was an Italian socialist and anti-fascist politician, historian, and writer. Born into a family of modest means, he became a historian of note whose work drew attention in Italy and ab ...

Massimo Mila Massimo Mila (14 August 1910 – 26 December 1988) was an Italian musicologist, music critic, intellectual and anti-fascist. Biography He studied at the Liceo classico Massimo d'Azeglio in Turin, where he was a pupil of Augusto Monti and where h ...

started his career as a music critic and historian in the magazine in 1928. ''Il Baretti'' also published translations of works by the well-known

Surrealists Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and id ...

and

Dadaists Dada () or Dadaism was an anti-establishment art movement that developed in 1915 in the context of the Great War and the earlier anti-art movement. Early centers for dadaism included Zürich and Berlin. Within a few years, the movement had ...

, including

James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (born James Augusta Joyce; 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet, and literary critic. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde movement and is regarded as one of the most influentia ...

Rainer Maria Rilke René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was an Austrian poet and novelist. Acclaimed as an Idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic and expressive poet, he is widely recognized as ...

Virginia Woolf Adeline Virginia Woolf (; ; 25 January 1882 28 March 1941) was an English writer and one of the most influential 20th-century modernist authors. She helped to pioneer the use of stream of consciousness narration as a literary device. Vir ...

André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French writer and author whose writings spanned a wide variety of styles and topics. He was awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature. Gide's career ranged from his begi ...

Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, m ...

Stéphane Mallarmé Stéphane Mallarmé ( , ; ; 18 March 1842 – 9 September 1898), pen name of Étienne Mallarmé, was a French poet and critic. He was a major French Symbolist poet, and his work anticipated and inspired several revolutionary artistic schools o ...

Marcel Proust Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust ( ; ; 10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922) was a French novelist, literary critic, and essayist who wrote the novel (in French – translated in English as ''Remembrance of Things Past'' and more r ...

and

Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics ...

. It was one of the publications which contributed to the development of the concept of

Europeanism European values are the norms and values that Europeans are said to have in common, and which transcend national or state identities. In addition to helping promote European integration, this doctrine also provides the basis for analyses that cha ...

. During its lifetime ''Il Baretti'' produced a total of 53 issues and also, special issues on

French literature French literature () generally speaking, is literature written in the French language, particularly by French people, French citizens; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of Franc ...

and German theater.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Baretti 1924 establishments in Italy 1928 disestablishments in Italy Defunct literary magazines published in Italy Italian-language magazines Magazines established in 1924 Magazines disestablished in 1928 Magazines published in Turin Monthly magazines published in Italy