An idyll (, ; ; occasionally spelled ''idyl'' in

American English American English, sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of variety (linguistics), varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the Languages of the United States, most widely spoken lang ...

) is a short

poem Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in ...

, descriptive of rustic life, written in the style of

Theocritus Theocritus (; , ''Theokritos''; ; born 300 BC, died after 260 BC) was a Greek poet from Sicily, Magna Graecia, and the creator of Ancient Greek pastoral poetry. Life Little is known of Theocritus beyond what can be inferred from his writings ...

's short

pastoral The pastoral genre of literature, art, or music depicts an idealised form of the shepherd's lifestyle – herding livestock around open areas of land according to the seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture. The target au ...

poems, the ''Idylls'' (Εἰδύλλια). Unlike

Homer Homer (; , ; possibly born ) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek poet who is credited as the author of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Despite doubts about his autho ...

, Theocritus did not engage in heroes and warfare. His idylls are limited to a small intimate world, and describe scenes from everyday life. Later imitators include the Roman poets

Virgil Publius Vergilius Maro (; 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Rome, ancient Roman poet of the Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Augustan period. He composed three of the most fa ...

and

Catullus Gaius Valerius Catullus (; ), known as Catullus (), was a Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic. His surviving works remain widely read due to their popularity as teaching tools and because of their personal or sexual themes. Life ...

, Italian poets

Torquato Tasso Torquato Tasso ( , also , ; 11 March 154425 April 1595) was an Italian poet of the 16th century, known for his 1591 poem ''Gerusalemme liberata'' (Jerusalem Delivered), in which he depicts a highly imaginative version of the combats between ...

, Sannazaro and Leopardi, the English poet

Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (; 6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was an English poet. He was the Poet Laureate during much of Queen Victoria's reign. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of ...

('' Idylls of the King''), and Nietzsche's '' Idylls from Messina''.

Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...

called his poem '' Hermann and Dorothea''—which Schiller considered the very climax in Goethe's production—an idyll.

Terminology

The term is used in music to refer generally to a work evocative of pastoral or rural life such as Edward MacDowell's ''Forest Idylls'', and more specifically to a kind of French courtly entertainment ('' divertissement'') of the baroque era where a pastoral poem was set to music, accompanied by ballet and singing. Examples of the latter are Lully's ''Idylle sur la Paix'' set to a text by Racine, Charpentier’s ''idylle sur le retour de la santé du Roi'' H.489 and Desmarets' ''Idylle sur la naissance du duc de Bourgogne'' set to a text by Antoinette Deshoulières. In the visual arts, an idyll is a painting depicting the same sort of subject matter to be found in idyllic poetry, often with rural or peasant life as its central theme. One of the earliest examples is the early 15th century '' Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry''. The genre was particularly popular in English paintings of the Victorian era.Treble, Rosemary (1989). "The Victorian picture of the country" i
''The Rural idyll''
(G. E. Mingay, ed.). Routledge, pp. 51–59.

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External links

* {{Authority control Genres of poetry Ancient Greek poetry Music genres Visual arts genres

Terminology

See also

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Further reading

External links