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Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...
, ’''iddah'' or ''iddat'' (; "period of waiting") is the period a woman must observe after the death of her husband or after a
divorce Divorce (also known as dissolution of marriage) is the process of terminating a marriage or marital union. Divorce usually entails the canceling or reorganising of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the M ...
, during which she may not marry another man. One of its main purposes is to remove any doubt as to the paternity of a child born after the divorce or death of the prior husband. The length of ‘iddah varies according to a number of circumstances. Generally, the ‘iddah of a divorced woman is three
lunar months In lunar calendars, a lunar month is the time between two successive syzygies of the same type: new moons or full moons. The precise definition varies, especially for the beginning of the month. Variations In Shona, Middle Eastern, and Euro ...
(i.e. about 89 days), but if the marriage was not consummated there is no ‘iddah. For a woman whose husband has died, the ‘iddah is four lunar months and ten days (i.e. about 128 days) after the death of her husband, whether or not the marriage was consummated. If a woman is pregnant when she is widowed or divorced, the ‘iddah lasts until she gives birth. Islamic scholars consider this directive to be a balance between mourning of husband's death and protecting the widow from criticism that she might be subjected to from remarrying too quickly after her husband’s death. This is also to ascertain whether a woman is
pregnant Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring gestation, gestates inside a woman's uterus. A multiple birth, multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Conception (biology), Conception usually occurs ...
or not, since four and a half months is half the length of a normal pregnancy.


Iddah for widows


Scriptural basis

The directive within the Quran ( Al-Baqarah 2:234-235), regarding the waiting period for a widow, is:


Main directives

The following is a summary of the main directives (for widows) contained in these verses: # The waiting period (Iddah) of a widow is four months and ten days; # During this period, the woman is not to marry another man; # During this period, a person may declare his intentions of marrying the widow — in a socially acceptable manner — or he may keep such intentions to himself, yet he should not make a secret commitment of marriage with the widow; and # The time and place of the marriage-contract should be finalized and committed to only after the period of four months and ten days has expired. These are the basic
Sharia Sharia, Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah () is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on Islamic holy books, scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran, Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology ''sharīʿah'' ...
directives regarding the waiting period for a widow. It is also clear from another directive of the Quran that during this waiting period, the woman should not be turned out of her house.


Iddah for divorced women


Scriptural basis

The directive within the Quran ( Al-Baqarah 2:228), regarding the waiting period for a divorcee, is: In surah Al-Ahzab it is stated: In the Quran surah At-Talaq Verse 65:4, it is stated:


Main directives

The following is a summary of the main directives (for divorces) contained in these verses: #The waiting period for a menstruating woman is, three monthly periods #The waiting period for a pre-menstrual girl is, three lunar months #The waiting period of a woman who has no monthly courses is three months #The husband is more entitled to take her back during this period provided that he wants reconciliation. However this is the case only in case of first or second divorce. #If a Muslim man marries a Muslim woman then divorces her before touching her then there is no iddah.


Commentaries

Imam Suyuti's commentary, Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And as for those of your women who read allā’ī or allā’i in both instances no longer expect to menstruate if you have any doubts about their waiting period their prescribed waiting period shall be three months and also for those who have not yet menstruated because of their young age their period shall also be three months — both cases apply to other than those whose spouses have died; for these latter their period is prescribed in the verse they shall wait by themselves for four months and ten days. Tafsir ibn Kathir, says of this verse,
Her Iddah is three months instead of the three monthly cycles for those who menstruate, which is based upon the Ayah in (Surat) Al-Baqarah. (see 2:228) The same for the young, who have not reached the years of menstruation. Their `Iddah is three months like those in menopause.
The Tafsir al Jalalyn co-authored by the scholar Imam Suyuti says of this verse
And s forthose of your women who (read allā’ī or allā’i in both instances) no longer expect to menstruate, if you have any doubts, about their waiting period, their prescribed aitingperiod shall be three months, and lso forthose who have not yet menstruated, because of their young age, their period shall lsobe three months


Iddah for pregnant women


Scriptural basis


Main directive

Divorced women and widows who are pregnant cannot remarry until delivery. Remarriage cannot take place until a period of waiting removes all doubt about any existing pregnancy.


See also

* Divorce in Islam * Menstruation in Islam * Niddah separation of menstruating women in Judaism


References

{{reflist Marriage in Islam Divorce in Islam Islamic terminology