Icebreakers Of Russia

There is a disagreement as to whether the Russia first "true" icebreaker was ''Pilot'' (manufactured in Great Britain in 1862, whose ice-breaking capabilities were enhanced in Russia in 1864) or genuinely first 1898 Arctic ice-faring icebreaker '' Yermak''.

Classification

In Russia, icebreakers are classified in several ways, according to different criteria:Классификация Российского морского регистра судоходства
(Classification of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping)
*By purpose
**Leader icebreakers: The most powerful icebreakers that head ship caravans
**Line icebreakers: For guiding and towing of ships on sea routes, for freeing ice-stuck ships
**Auxiliary icebreakers: for work in ports, river mouths, and for emergency rescue operations
*By ice passability:
**heavy icebreakers can break through ice up to 2 m thick
**medium icebreakers, for ice from 1 to 1.5 m thick
**light icebreakers, for ice less than 1 m thick
*By power type:
**Steam engine; obsolete, unused
** Diesel-electric engine; the most common type
**Nuclear-powered icebreakers
*By operating method
**Ice-cutting. These ships existed in 19th-20th centuries, and for them the term was used in RussiaЛЕДОРЕЗ
citing Военно-морской словарь. — Moscow, 1990.
**Ice-breaking
*By operational area
**River icebreakers
**Marine icebreakers
**Port icebreakers

The official classification of a particular vessel may be found in the database of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping.

The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities. Ships known to be currently in service are presented in bold.

Nuclear-powered icebreakers

The following ships are nuclear-powered icebreakers;
* (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk)
*
** (1975–2008; ex-''Leonid Brezhnev'', ex-''Arktika''; decommissioned)Russia prepares to dismantle first nuclear icebreaker ever
Bellona, 14 November 2016.
** (1977–1992; decommissioned)
** (1985–2013; decommissioned)
** (1990–2014; decommissioned)
** (1992–)
** (2007–)
* ''Taymyr'' class
** (1989–)
** (1990–)
* Project 22220
** (2020–)
** (2021–)
** (2022–)
** (2024–)
** (2026– (planned); under construction)
** (2028– (planned); under construction)
** (2030– (planned); under construction)
* Project 10510
** (2030– (planned); under construction)

Diesel-powered icebreakers

The following ships are/were fitted with diesel engines for powering their propulsion;
*
** ''Severny Veter'' (1944–1951; ex-USCGC ''Staten Island''; returned to the United States)
** ''Severniy Polyus'' (1945–1951; ex-USS ''Westwind''; returned to the United States)
** ''Admiral Makarov'' (1945–1949; ex-USCGC ''Southwind''; returned to the United States)
* ''Kapitan Belousov'' class
** (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)
** (1955–1996; broken up)
** (1956–1994; broken up)
* ''Moskva'' class
** (1959–1998; broken up)
** (1960–1993; broken up)
** (1965–1993; broken up)
** (1968–1995; broken up)
** (1969–1997; broken up)
* Civilian variants of (Project 97A)
** (1961–1989; ex-''Ledokol-1''; broken up)
** (1962–1992; ex-''Ledokol-2''; passed over to Ukraine)
** (1962–1996; ex-''Ledokol-3''; broken up)
** (1963–1988; ex-''Ledokol-4''; broken up)
** (1963–1993; ex-''Ledokol-5''; broken up)
** (1964–; ex-''Ledokol-6'')
** (1964–1988; ex-''Ledokol-7''; broken up)
** (1965–1988; ex-''Ledokol-8''; broken up)
** (1965–2021; ex-''Ledokol-9''; to be broken up)
** (1970–2013; broken up)
** (1971–1997; broken up)
** (1971–)
* ''Ermak'' class
** (1974–2021; broken up)
** (1975–)
** (1976–)
* ''Kapitan M. Izmaylov'' class
** (1976–)
** (1976–)
** (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
* ''Kapitan Sorokin'' class
** (1977–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1991)
** (1978–; rebuilt in 1990)
** (1980–)
** (1981–)
* ''Kapitan Chechkin'' class
** (1977–)
** (1977–)
** (1978–)
** (1978–)
** (1978–)
** (1978–)
* ''Mudyug'' class
** (1982–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1986)
** (1982–)
** (1983–)
* ''Kapitan Evdokimov'' class
** (1983–)
** (1983–)
** (1983–)
** (1983–)
** (1984–)
** (1984–)
** (1984–)
** (1986–)
* (2000–; purchased from Sweden)
* '' (2002–2020; ex-''Karhu'', ex-''Kapitan Chubakov''; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
* (2006–; ex-''Apu''; purchased from Finland)
* Project 21900
** (2008–)
** (2009–)
* Project 21900M
** (2015–)
** (2015–)Vyborg Shipyard starts building hull of 21900M icebreaker "Novorossiysk" for Rosmorport (photo)
PortNews, 8 May 2014.
** (2016–)
* (2019–)
* (2019–; ex-''Antarcticaborg''; purchased from Kazakhstan)
* (2020–)
* Project 21900M2
** Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (construction stopped as of 2021)
** Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (current estimate); under construction)
* Project 23620
** Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (original plan); ordered)
** Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (original plan); ordered)
* Project 22740M
** Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)
** Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)

Steam-powered icebreakers

The following icebreakers were powered by steam;
* (built in 1862; modified and operated as an icebreaker: 1864–1890; broken up?)
* (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)Портовые и многоцелевые ледоколы

* (1895–1923; handed over to Latvia)
* (1895–1968; sunk)
* (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)
* (1899–1963; scrapped, despite efforts to preserve it as a museum piece)
* (1898–1930; broken up)
* (1899–1923; broken up)
* (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)
* (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
* (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
* (1909–1950s?; broken up)
* (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
* (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
* '' Volynets'' (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-''Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich'', ex-''Wäinämöinen'', ex-''Suur Tõll''; sold to Estonia in 1987)
* (1914–1958; ex-CGC ''Earl Grey''; broken up)

* (1915–1967; ex-''Beothic'' (1909–1915); broken up)
* (1915–1941; ex-''Lintrose'' (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
* (1916–1918)
* (1916–1941; sank in 1941)
* (1916–1961; broken up)
* (1916–1954; broken up)
* (1917–1961; broken up)
* (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)
* (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
* (1917–1968; broken up)
* (1917–1941; sunk)
* (1929–1964)
* (1938–1973; ex-''I. Stalin'' (−1961); broken up)
* (1938–1967; ex-''L. Kaganovich'' (−1951); broken up)
* (1941–1967; ex-''V. Molotov'' (−1956); broken up)
* (1941–1968; broken up)
* (1945–1970; ex-''Voima''; broken up)
* ''Sibiryakov'' (1945–1972; ex-''Jääkarhu''; broken up)
* ''Alyosha Popovich'' (1945–1970; ex-''Eisvogel''; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
* (1946–1979; ex-''Eisbär''; broken up in 1981)Илья Муромец (Eisbar)
FESCO.
* '' Peresvet'' (1951–1980; ex-''Castor''; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)

References

{{reflist

External links

MAJOR ICEBREAKERS OF THE WORLD
a USCG table, year 2017 version. Lists 61 Russian ships, of which 11 were under construction and 4 planned

Icebreakers of Russia
Icebreakers of the Soviet Union
Lists of ships of Russia