Ibn Ādjurrūm (;

Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile People with the surname * Ady Berber (1913–196 ...

: Ageṛṛom or Agerrum) and his full name: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Dāwūd al-Ṣanhādjī (). (1273–1323) was a Moroccan

grammar In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rul ...

ian and

Islamic Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

Scholar and master of Quranic Recitation from Fez famous for an Arabic synoptic grammar.

Biography

Ibn Adjurrum was born at Fez in 1273-4. He was of

origin from the

sanhaja The Sanhaja (, or زناگة ''Znāga''; , pl. Iẓnagen, and also Aẓnaj, pl. Iẓnajen) were once one of the largest Berbers, Berber tribal confederations, along with the Zenata, Zanata and Masmuda confederations. Many tribes in Algeria, Libya ...

Berber tribe. His relatives were from the neighborhood of Ṣafrū. "Ādjurrūm" is a

word meaning “religious man” and “poor ṣūfī" (ascetic, Shilḥa: agurram). His grandfather, Dāwūd, is said to have been the first to bear the name. He died on Tuesday, March 1, 1323. He was buried the next day within the town in ''Adwat Al-Andalus'', the Andalusi quarter near Bāb al-Hamra, also known as Bāb al-Jīzyin.

Al-Ājurrūmīyya

A text entitled ''Muqaddima'' () “Prolegomena” bears the author's name. In full, ''Al-Muqadimma al-Adjurrumiya fi Mabadi Ilm al-Arabiya,'' or '' Matn Al-Ajrumiyyah'' (), commonly abbreviated to '' Al-Ājurrūmīyya''. This short treatise, of a few pages, sets out the system of the

ʾiʿrab (, ) is an Arabic language, Arabic term for the declension system of nominal, adjectival, or verbal suffixes of Classical Arabic to mark grammatical case. These suffixes are written in fully Harakat, vocalized Arabic texts, notably the ''Qur'an, ...

() (grammatical desinential inflection). The Muḳaddima summarizes the complex rules of Arabic syntax into a concise, clear and intelligible format, that is easy to memorize. For its brevity and utility it has maintained a wide popularity among Arabic language teachers and students across Arabophone countries, and over 60 commentaries by later grammarians have been produced. Known in Europe from the 16th century, the ''Muqaddima'' was one of the first treatises available to European

Arabist An Arabist is someone, often but not always from outside the Arab world, who specialises in the study of the Arabic language and Arab culture, culture (usually including Arabic literature). Origins Arabists began in Al Andalus, medieval Muslim ...

s for the study of the Arabic grammatical system. Translations have been regularly and widely published in most European languages. It was published in twelve different European versions and editions. A Latin translation of Ibn Adjurrum's Arabic grammar was made by the Italian Franciscan friar, Thomas Obicini of Novara, who had lived for a time as an abbot in

Aleppo Aleppo is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Governorates of Syria, governorate of Syria. With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents it is Syria's largest city by urban area, and ...

, and published in Italy in 1621 with the title ''Grammatica Arabica.''

Al-Suyuti Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (; 1445–1505), or al-Suyuti, was an Egyptians, Egyptian Sunni Muslims, Muslim polymath of Persians, Persian descent. Considered the mujtahid and mujaddid of the Islamic 10th century, he was a leading Hadith studies, muh ...

(Bughya, 102) places ibn Ājurrūm stylistically in the Kūfah School of grammar, based on his use of the

genitive In grammar, the genitive case ( abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can ...

term "khafḍ," (), the desinentially inflective imperative "muʿrab" (), and the "kayfamā" () particle () "ḥarf", to govern the apocopate form "jazm" ().

References

Bibliography

* Brockelmann, II, 308-10, S II, 332-5 * M. al-Mak̲h̲zūmī, Madrasat al-Kūfa, Bag̲h̲dād 1955, 117 * G. Troupeau, Trois traductions latines de la Muqaddima d'Ibn Ād̲j̲urrūm, in Études d'Orientalisme dédiées à la mémoire de Lévi-Proçal, i, Paris 1962, 359-65. {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibn Adjurrum, Mohammed 1273 births 1323 deaths 13th-century Berber people 14th-century Berber people 13th-century Moroccan writers 14th-century Moroccan writers Berber grammarians Moroccan Berbers Berber writers Medieval grammarians of Arabic Linguists from Morocco Moroccan Sufi writers People from Fez, Morocco Sanhaja