The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG; , UGGI) is an

international non-governmental organization An international non-governmental organization (INGO) is an organization which is independent of government involvement and extends the concept of a non-governmental organization (NGO) to an international scope. INGOs can admit members affiliated t ...

dedicated to the scientific study of

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to Planetary habitability, harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all ...

and its

space environment Space environment is a branch of astronautics, aerospace engineering and space physics that seeks to understand and address conditions existing in space that affect the design and operation of spacecraft. A related subject, space weather, deals wit ...

using

geophysical Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and properties of Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. Geophysicists conduct investigations acros ...

and geodetic techniques. The IUGG is a member of the

International Science Council The International Science Council (ISC) is an international non-governmental organization that unites scientific bodies at various levels across the social and natural sciences. The ISC was formed with its inaugural general assembly on 4 July 20 ...

(ISC), which is composed of international scholarly and scientific institutions and national academies of sciences.

History

The IUGG was established in Brussels, Belgium in 1919.

Objectives

IUGG's objectives are the promotion and coordination of studies related to Earth's physical, chemical and mathematical representation. This includes geometrical shape, internal structure, gravity and magnetic fields,

seismicity Seismicity is a measure encompassing earthquake occurrences, mechanisms, and magnitude at a given geographical location. As such, it summarizes a region's seismic activity. The term was coined by Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter in 194 ...

volcanism Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a he ...

hydrologic cycle The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth across different reservoirs. The mass of water on Earth remains fai ...

, glaciers, oceans, atmosphere,

ionosphere The ionosphere () is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about to above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays ...

, and

magnetosphere In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by a celestial body with an active interior Dynamo ...

of Earth. It also includes solar, lunar and planetary studies. Some areas within its scope are environmental preservation, reduction of the effects of natural hazards, and

mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2011): Mi ...

resources.

Structures

The IUGG consists of eight semi-autonomous associations: * International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) *

International Association of Geodesy The International Association of Geodesy (IAG) is a constituent association of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics focusing on the science which measures and describes the Figure of the Earth, Earth's shape, its rotation and gravity ...

(IAG) * International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) * International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) * International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) * International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) * International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) *

International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

(IAVCEI) It has also established six commissions to promote interdisciplinary problems: *Climatic and Environmental Changes (CCEC) *Mathematical Geophysics (CMG) *Geophysical Risk and Sustainability (GRC) *Study of the Earth's Deep Interior (SEDI) *Data and Information (UCDI) *Planetary Sciences (UCPS) and the Union Working Group on History.

General Assemblies, Presidents, and Secretaries General

List of General Assemblies, Presidents, and Secretaries-General.IUGG - Bureau of the Union
. Retrieved 01/07/2015.

References

External links

IUGG official website

Archival collections

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics records, 1922-2000 (1955-1998), Niels Bohr Library & Archives

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics addition to records, 1995-2007, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
International geodesy organizations Geophysics societies Earth sciences societies International scientific organizations Members of the International Council for Science Scientific organizations established in 1919 International organisations based in Germany Members of the International Science Council Long stubs with short prose {{geophysics-stub