The II SS Panzer Corps was a German ''
Waffen-SS
The (; ) was the military branch, combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscr ...
''
armoured corps
An armoured corps (also mechanized corps or tank corps) is a specialized military organization whose role is to conduct armoured warfare. The units belonging to an armoured corps include military staff, and are equipped with tanks and other arm ...
which saw action on both the
Eastern and
Western Fronts during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. It was commanded by
Paul Hausser
Paul Hausser, also known by his birth name Paul Falk post war (7 October 1880 – 21 December 1972), was a German general and, together with Sepp Dietrich, one of the two highest ranking commanders in the Waffen-SS. He played a key role in the ...
during the
Third Battle of Kharkov
The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of battles on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by Nazi Germany's Army Group South against the Soviet Red Army, around the city of Kharkov between 19 February ...
and the
Battle of Kursk
The Battle of Kursk, also called the Battle of the Kursk Salient, was a major World War II Eastern Front battle between the forces of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union near Kursk in southwestern Russia during the summer of 1943, resulting in ...
in 1943 and by
Wilhelm Bittrich on the Western Front in 1944.
World War II
1942–1943
The II SS Panzer Corps was formed to take command of
SS Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler",
SS Division "Das Reich", and
SS Division "Totenkopf" in July 1942 as the SS Panzer Corps. In August, it was sent to northern France before taking part in
Case Anton
Case Anton () was the military occupation of Vichy France carried out by Germany and Italy in November 1942. It marked the end of the Vichy regime as a nominally independent state and the disbanding of its army (the severely-limited '' Armisti ...
, the occupation of
Vichy France
Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the Battle of France, ...
in November, during which it captured
Toulon
Toulon (, , ; , , ) is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera and the historical Provence, it is the prefecture of the Var (department), Var department.
The Commune of Toulon h ...
. In early February 1943, the corps, under the command of SS-''
Obergruppenführer
(, ) was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissioned SS rank after ...
''
Paul Hausser
Paul Hausser, also known by his birth name Paul Falk post war (7 October 1880 – 21 December 1972), was a German general and, together with Sepp Dietrich, one of the two highest ranking commanders in the Waffen-SS. He played a key role in the ...
, was attached to
Army Group South
Army Group South () was the name of one of three German Army Groups during World War II.
It was first used in the 1939 September Campaign, along with Army Group North to invade Poland. In the invasion of Poland, Army Group South was led by Ge ...
in Ukraine and participated in the
Third Battle of Kharkov
The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of battles on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by Nazi Germany's Army Group South against the Soviet Red Army, around the city of Kharkov between 19 February ...
.
The corps was renamed II SS Panzer Corps in June 1943, after the
I SS Panzer Corps
The I SS Panzer Corps () was a German armoured corps of the ''Waffen-SS''. It saw action on both the Western Front (World War II), Western and Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Fronts during World War II.
Formation and training
The Corps was ...
was created during that same month. In July 1943, the corps took part in the failed
Operation Citadel, spearheading the
4th Panzer Army's attack in the southern sector. The corps' three SS divisions were involved in the
Battle of Prokhorovka
The Battle of Prokhorovka was fought on 12 July 1943 near Prokhorovka, Belgorod Oblast, Prokhorovka, southeast of Kursk, in the Soviet Union, during the Second World War. Taking place on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front, the e ...
at the edge of the German penetration into the salient. After the operation was cancelled in light of its failure, the corps was ordered to the
Italian front in August. Only one division, the ''Leibstandarte'' ended up being transferred along with the corps personnel, taking part in operations to disarm Italian troops. The remaining combat divisions remained on the Eastern Front to deal with the developing threats from the Soviet
Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation.
Between 20 September and 20 of November 1943 the corps conducted operations against
Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian language, Macedonian, and Slovene language, Slovene: , officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odr ...
in order to establish a connection with
Army Group F
Army Group F () was a strategic command formation of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War. The commander of Army Group F served also as the ''OB South East, Oberbefehlshaber Südost'' (Commander-in-Chief in the Southeast).
Created 12 Augus ...
in the
Balkans
The Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throug ...
and to secure communications east and northwards from
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, ...
and
Rijeka
Rijeka (;
Fiume ( �fjuːme in Italian and in Fiuman dialect, Fiuman Venetian) is the principal seaport and the List of cities and towns in Croatia, third-largest city in Croatia. It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Ba ...
. In these operations, according to the corps headquarters' medical department, the corps suffered total losses of 936 men. According to Croat authors, in the first phase against partisans on the
Istrian peninsula (''Unternehmen Istrien''), some 2000 partisans and 2000 civilians were killed by German forces, and additional 1200 were arrested, with some 400 transported to concentration camps. In November 1943, ''Leibstandarte'' returned to the Soviet Union, with the corps remaining in
Slovenia
Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...
, Istria, and Northern Italy.
1944–1945
In January 1944, the corps was ordered to the
Alençon
Alençon (, , ; ) is a commune in Normandy, France, and the capital of the Orne department. It is situated between Paris and Rennes (about west of Paris) and a little over north of Le Mans. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alen� ...
area of France to refit.
In March 1944, during the Soviet
Dnieper–Carpathian offensive in Ukraine, the entire
1st Panzer Army
The 1st Panzer Army () was a German tank army that was a large armoured formation of the Wehrmacht during World War II.
When originally formed on 1 March 1940, the predecessor of the 1st Panzer Army was named Panzer Group Kleist (''Panzergruppe ...
, numbering over 200,000 personnel, was encircled by the Red Army in the
Kamenets–Podolsky pocket. This encirclement was the largest catastrophe facing the ''
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...
'' since the
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad ; see . rus, links=on, Сталинградская битва, r=Stalingradskaya bitva, p=stəlʲɪnˈɡratskəjə ˈbʲitvə. (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, ...
, which would precipitate the collapse of the entire southern sector of the Eastern Front. Faced with a prospect of a new Stalingrad before the Allied invasion of France would even begin,
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
was forced to yield to
Field Marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons a ...
Erich von Manstein
Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Manstein (born Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Lewinski; 24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a Germans, German Officer (armed forces), military officer of Poles (people), Polish descent who served as a ''Generalfeld ...
's demands for powerful reinforcements that would de-blockade the 1st Panzer Army. As reinforcements, he provided the entire II SS Panzer Corps (with the
9th and
10th SS Panzer Divisions) from France in April 1944, as well as divisions from the
Balkan Theatre of Operations. Called the "Hausser Attack Group", they were commanded by Hausser himself.
This was the first major transfer of forces from France to the East since the creation of the
Führer Directive 51, which no longer allowed any transfers from the West to the East. It played the main role in de-blockading the encircled 1st Panzer Army in the Kamenets–Podolsky pocket. After rescuing the better part of the 1st Panzer Army, the corps then participated in the attempts to de-blockade the trapped German garrison of the 4th Panzer Army in the town of
Tarnopol
Ternopil, known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret (river), Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia (Central Europe ...
, which was declared to be a fortress (''
Festung'') by Hitler. However, the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
had prepared defences there and the relief operation ultimately failed. After this, the corps was moved into the reserve of the newly created
Army Group North Ukraine
The Army Group North Ukraine () was a major formation of the German army in World War II.
History
It was created on 5 April 1944 by renaming Army Group South under Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model. In April 1944 it consisted of 1st Panzer Arm ...
.
In mid-June 1944, the corps was ordered back west to take part in the
Battle of Normandy
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. The operation was launched on 6 June 1944 (D-Day) with the N ...
, arriving to the invasion front in late June 1944.
The corps was involved in heavy fighting against the British
21st Army Group
The 21st Army Group was a British headquarters formation formed during the Second World War. It controlled two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army. Established ...
in the
Battle for Caen. During this period, SS-''Obergruppenführer''
Wilhelm Bittrich was placed in command of the corps. In August 1944, the corps participated in the battles in and around the
Falaise pocket
The Falaise pocket or battle of the Falaise pocket (; 12–21 August 1944) was the decisive engagement of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War. Allied forces formed a pocket around Falaise, Calvados, in which German Army Group B, c ...
. The corps then retreated across France. On 17 September 1944, the
Allies
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are calle ...
launched
Operation Market Garden, an airborne offensive aimed at capturing the Rhine bridge at
Arnhem
Arnhem ( ; ; Central Dutch dialects, Ernems: ''Èrnem'') is a Cities of the Netherlands, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capita ...
. The corps was involved in fighting against the British
1st Airborne Division in the
Battle of Arnhem
The Battle of Arnhem was fought during the Second World War, as part of the Allies of World War II, Allied Operation Market Garden. It took place around the Netherlands, Dutch city of Arnhem and vicinity from 17 to 26 September 1944. The Alli ...
and also against the U.S.
82nd Airborne Division
The 82nd Airborne Division is an Airborne forces, airborne infantry division (military), division of the United States Army specializing in Paratrooper, parachute assault operations into hostile areasSof, Eric"82nd Airborne Division" ''Spec Ops ...
and the British
XXX Corps in
Nijmegen
Nijmegen ( , ; Nijmeegs: ) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the ...
. The corps suffered heavy losses in the
ensuing counteroffensive in early October against the Allied salient on the island.
In preparation for the
Ardennes Offensive
The Ardennes ( ; ; ; ; ), also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes, is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, extending into Germany and France.
Geological ...
, the corps was placed in reserve of the
6th Panzer Army and committed on 21 December 1944 near
St. Vith
St. Vith ( ; ; ; ) is a city and municipality of East Belgium located in the Walloon province of Liège. It was named after Saint Vitus. The majority language is German, as in the rest of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.
On January ...
. After the northern assault stalled, the corps was transferred south to take part in the attack on
Bastogne
Bastogne (; ; ; ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg in the Ardennes, Belgium.
The municipality consists of the following districts: Bastogne, Longvilly, Noville, Villers-la-Bonne-Eau, and Wardi ...
. The corps' divisions suffered heavy losses in the battles against the U.S. 82nd and
101st Airborne Divisions. After the operation's failure, the corps returned to the defensive, seeing action against U.S. forces in the
Eifel
The Eifel (; , ) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Com ...
region.
In February 1945, the corps was ordered to
Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
to take part in an offensive to recapture
Budapest
Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...
and the Hungarian oilfields. The corps took part in
Operation Spring Awakening
Operation Spring Awakening () was the last major German offensive of World War II. The operation was referred to in Germany as the Plattensee Offensive and in the Soviet Union as the Balaton Defensive Operation. It took place in Western Hungary ...
, launched near
Lake Balaton
Lake Balaton () is a freshwater rift lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the List of largest lakes of Europe, largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the larges ...
on 6 March 1945. After the failure of the offensive, the corps retreated, alongside the I SS and
IV SS Panzer Corps, towards
Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
. After Soviet forces captured the city, individual units attempted to break out to the west. The elements of the corps surrendered to the
U.S. Army on 8 May 1945.
Commanders
* SS-''
Obergruppenführer
(, ) was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissioned SS rank after ...
''
Paul Hausser
Paul Hausser, also known by his birth name Paul Falk post war (7 October 1880 – 21 December 1972), was a German general and, together with Sepp Dietrich, one of the two highest ranking commanders in the Waffen-SS. He played a key role in the ...
(1 June 1942 – 28 June 1944)
* SS-''
Gruppen-/Obergruppenführer''
Wilhelm Bittrich (10 July/1 August 1944 – 9 May 1945)
Orders of battle
February — March 1943 — Third Battle of Kharkov
*
1st SS Panzergrenadier Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
*
2nd SS Panzergrenadier Division "Das Reich"
*
3rd SS Panzergrenadier Division "Totenkopf"
July 1943 – Operation Citadel
*

1st SS Panzergrenadier Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
*

2nd SS Panzergrenadier Division "Das Reich"
*

3rd SS Panzergrenadier Division "Totenkopf"
*
167th Infantry Division (elements)
September 1943
*

1st SS Panzergrenadier Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
*
24th Panzer Division
The 24th Panzer Division was formed in late 1941 from the 1st Cavalry Division (Wehrmacht), 1st Cavalry Division based at Königsberg.
The division fought on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front from June 1942 to January 1943, when it ...
*
44th Infantry Division
*
71st Infantry Division
*
162nd Turkestan Division
October 1943
* 44th Infantry Division
* 71st Infantry Division
* 162nd Turkestan Division
September — November 1944 — Allied advance towards the Rhine river
*
502nd Heavy SS Panzer Battalion
*
9th SS Panzer Division "Hohenstaufen"
*
10th SS Panzer Division "Frundsberg"
December 1944 - Battle of the Bulge
*

2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich"
*

9th SS Panzer Division "Hohenstaufen"
March 1945 – Operation Spring Awakening
*

2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich"
*

9th SS Panzer Division "Hohenstaufen"
* 44th Infantry Division
*
23rd Panzer Division
References
Sources
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:02
German units in Normandy
Waffen-SS corps
Military units and formations established in 1942