The ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is a set of

diagnosis code In health care, diagnosis codes are used as a tool to group and identify diseases, disorders, symptoms, poisonings, adverse effects of drugs and chemicals, injuries and other reasons for patient encounters. Diagnostic coding is the translation of ...

s used in the

United States of America The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguo ...

. It was developed by a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human services, as an adaption of the ICD-10 with authorization from the

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Gen ...

. In 2015, ICD-10-CM replaced ICD-9-CM as the federally mandated classification. Annual updates are provided.

Development

Since 1979, the US had required ICD-9-CM codes for Medicare and

Medicaid Medicaid is a government program in the United States that provides health insurance for adults and children with limited income and resources. The program is partially funded and primarily managed by U.S. state, state governments, which also h ...

claims, and most of the rest of the medical industry in the US followed suit. On January 1, 1999, the ICD-10 (without clinical extensions) was adopted for reporting mortality, however, ICD-9-CM continued to be used for

morbidity A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are asso ...

. During that time, the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) received permission from the WHO to create a clinical modification of the ICD-10. ICD-10-CM adapted ICD-10 in the following ways: * Allow the capture of information for ambulatory and managed care encounters * Expand available injury codes * Combine codes for diagnosis/symptoms to reduce the number of codes needed to describe a problem fully * Provide additional sixth and seventh digit classifications * Add classifications specific to laterality * Refine classification for increased data granularity

Adoption

Adoption of ICD-10-CM was slow. On August 21, 2008, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) proposed new code sets to be used for reporting diagnoses and procedures on health care transactions. Under the proposal, the ICD-9-CM code sets would be replaced with the ICD-10-CM code sets, effective October 1, 2013. On April 17, 2012, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a proposed rule that would delay the compliance date for the ICD-10-CM and PCS by 12 months-from October 1, 2013, to October 1, 2014. Congress further delayed the implementation date to October 1, 2015, after it was inserted into the "Doc Fix" Bill without debate over the objections of many.

Release

On October 1, 2015, ICD-10-CM replaced volumes 1 and 2 of ICD-9-CM, and ICD-10-PCS replaced volume 3.

Annual review

The ICD-10-CM code set is reviewed every year. The code set for the 2023 fiscal year applies to patient discharges and encounters between October 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023 (inclusive) – with the exception of four codes that were in effect from April 1, 2022.

References

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External links