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Héraclius de Gramont, 9th
Grand officier de la 
Grand-croix de St Maurice et St Lazare
Héraclius de Gramont, 9th Duke of Gramont
The title of Duke of Gramont (''duc de Gramont'') is a French List of French dukedoms, dukedom and former List of French peerages, peerage. It was created in 1648 for French Marshal Antoine III de Gramont.
History
The family of Gramont was a Kin ...
(''Antoine Geneviève Héraclius Agénor''; 17 July 1789 – 3 March 1855), 9th Duke of Gramont
The title of Duke of Gramont (''duc de Gramont'') is a French List of French dukedoms, dukedom and former List of French peerages, peerage. It was created in 1648 for French Marshal Antoine III de Gramont.
History
The family of Gramont was a Kin ...
, Duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobi ...
of Guiche, Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
of , ''etc.'' was a 19th-century French
French may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France
** French people, a nation and ethnic group
** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices
Arts and media
* The French (band), ...
aristocratic Army general
Army general or General of the army is the highest ranked general officer in many countries that use the French Revolutionary System. Army general is normally the highest rank used in peacetime.
In countries that adopt the general officer fou ...
and courtier.
Early life
De Gramont was born atVersailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...
, the only son of Antoine, 8th Duke of Gramont by his wife Aglaé
Aglaé (other form: Aglaë) is a French female given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Aglaé Auguié (), French court official
* Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (), French noblewoman
* Aglaé de Polignac
Aglaé Louise Françoise Gabr ...
, daughter of Gabrielle de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac
Yolande de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac (Yolande Martine Gabrielle; 8 September 17499 December 1793) was the favourite of Marie Antoinette, whom she met when she was presented at the Palace of Versailles in 1775, the year after Marie Antoinett ...
, a court favourite of Queen Marie-Antoinette. One of his elder sisters, Aglaé-Angélique-Gabrielle (1787-1842) married firstly Count
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...
Aleksandr Lvovich Davydov (or Davidoff), who died 1833, and was ancestor of the Marquesses of Gabriac; the Dowager Countess Davidoff married secondly Count Horace Sébastiani de La Porta.
Career
When the French Revolution broke out, in the year of his birth, the De Gramont family left France for various parts of Europe: includingBritain
Britain most often refers to:
* Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales
* The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...
, Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
, Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
as well as Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
.
Héraclius de Gramont joined his father in Mittau, who was serving with Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. Before his reign, he spent 23 y ...
, before being commissioned at the age of nine in the Tauride Grenadier Regiment. Following basic training he was promoted lieutenant
A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a Junior officer, junior commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations, as well as fire services, emergency medical services, Security agency, security services ...
and fought under the Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
n General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry.
In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ...
Suvorov
Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov-Rymniksky, Prince of Italy () was a Russian general and military theorist in the service of the Russian Empire.
Born in Moscow, he studied military history as a young boy and joined the Imperial Russian ...
's command.
Accorded the courtesy title of '' duc de Guiche'' in 1813, he returned to England to complete his education before serving under the Duke of Wellington
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they ar ...
later in the Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1808–1814) was fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French ...
s. After the fall of Napoleon, his military career continued to prosper and he was appointed lieutenant-general
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normall ...
in the French Army
The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (, , ), is the principal Army, land warfare force of France, and the largest component of the French Armed Forces; it is responsible to the Government of France, alongside the French Navy, Fren ...
in 1823 and, in 1830, later accompanied King Charles X to exile in Scotland
Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
.
Personal life
On 23 July 1818 in Paris, Gramont married Anna-Quintina-Albertine "Ida" Grimod, Countess d'Orsay (1802–1882), a sister of CountAlfred d'Orsay
Alfred Guillaume Gabriel Grimod d'Orsay, comte d'Orsay (4 September 18014 August 1852) was a French amateur artist, dandy, and man of fashion in the early- to mid-19th century.
Biography
He was born in Paris, the second son of Albert Gaspard Gr ...
. Together, they had:
* Antoine Alfred ''Agénor'' de Gramont, 10th Duke of Gramont (1819–1880), who married Emma Mary Mackinnon, daughter of William Alexander Mackinnon, 33rd Chief of the Scottish Clan Mackinnon
Clan MacKinnon ( ) is a Scottish Highlands, Highland Scottish clan from the islands of Isle of Mull, Mull and Skye, in the Inner Hebrides.
Popular tradition gives the clan a Dal Riada, Dalriadic Gaelic origin. The 19th-century historian W. F. S ...
, in 1848.
* Antoine Philibert Léon ''Auguste'' de Gramont, Duke of Lesparre (1820–1877), who married Marie Sophie de Ségur, a daughter of Alexandre de Ségur, in 1844.
* Antonia Albertine Corisande de Gramont (1821–1826);
* Antoine ''Alfred'' Annérius Théophile de Gramont (1823–1881), ''styled'' Count of Gramont, who married Louise Cécile Charlotte de Choiseul-Praslin in 1848.
* Antonia Armandine Aglaé Ida de Gramont (1825–1871).
* Antonia Gabrielle Léontine de Gramont (1829–1897), who died unmarried and without issue.
The Duke died in Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
on 3 March 1855, aged 65.
Descendants
Through his son Alfred, he was a grandfather of Antoine Alfred Armand Xavier Louis, Comte de Gramont (1861–1923), who married Anne Marie Brincard, of the Barons Brincard, in 1886.Honours
* Grand officier de la Légion d'honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...
* Chevalier de Saint-Louis
The Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis () is a dynastic order of chivalry founded 5 April 1693 by King Louis XIV, named after Saint Louis (King Louis IX of France). It was intended as a reward for exceptional officers, notable as the fir ...
* Grand-croix de St Maurice et St Lazare
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gramont, Antoine-Genevieve-Heraclius-Agenor de 1789 births 1855 deaths Antoine 9 Antoine 9 Antoine 9 British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars French generals Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour