''Hypsolebias'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small

fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Rivulidae The Rivulidae are a family (biology), family of killifishes in the order (biology), order Cyprinodontiformes. They are commonly known as rivulids, South American killifish or New World killifish. The latter names are slightly misleading, however, ...

that are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

the

Caatinga Caatinga () is a type of semi-arid tropical vegetation, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name "Caatinga" comes from the Tupi word '' ka'atinga'', meaning "white forest" or "white vegetat ...

Cerrado The Cerrado () is a vast ecoregion of Tropics, tropical savanna in central Brazil, being present in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Paraná ...

and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest

species richness Species richness is the number of different species represented in an community (ecology), ecological community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species, and it does not take into account the Abundance (ecology), abunda ...

is in the

São Francisco River The São Francisco River (, ) is a large Rivers of Brazil, river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon R ...

basin, but there are also species in the

Tocantins Tocantins () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is the newest state, formed in 1988 and encompassing what had formerly been the northern two-fifths of the state of Goiás. Tocantins covers and had an estimated population of 1,496,880 in 2014 ...

Jequitinhonha Jequitinhonha () is a Brazilian municipality located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. Geography The population was estimated to be 25,474 people living in a total area of 3,518 km². The city belongs to the mesoregion of Jequ ...

and

Jaguaribe Jaguaribe is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil. With an area of , of which is urban, it is located 244 km from Fortaleza, the state capital, and 1,495 km from Brasília, the federal capital. Its population in ...

systems, as well as smaller river basins in northeastern Brazil.Britzke, R., Nielsen, D.T.B. & Oliveira, C. (2016): Description of two new species of annual fishes of the ''Hypsolebias antenori'' species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil. ''Zootaxa, 4114 (2): 123–138.''Costa, W.J.E.M., Amorim, P.F. & Bragança, P.H.N. (2014): Species limits and phylogenetic relationships of red-finned cryptic species of the seasonal killifish genus ''Hypsolebias'' from the Brazilian semi-arid Caatinga (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 52 (1): 52-58.'' Like their relatives, ''Hypsolebias'' are annual

killifish A killifish is any of various oviparous (egg-laying) cyprinodontiform fish, including families Aplocheilidae, Pantanodontidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fundulidae, Nothobranchiidae, Profundulidae, Aphaniidae and Valenciidae. All together, there ar ...

. The short-lived adults inhabit temporary waters like rain pools, laying their eggs in the bottom. As their habitat dries up the adults die, but the eggs survive and hatch when the water returns in the next season. The males are more colorful than the females, and male colors/patterns are a primary way of separating the different species. They are small fish that reach up to in

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies, for data used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fishery biology. Overall length Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish measured f ...

Species

Hypsolebias hamadryades live holotype and paratype

''Hypsolebias'' was formerly regarded as a subgenus of ''

Simpsonichthys ''Simpsonichthys'' is a genus of killifish from the Family (biology), family Rivulidae the species of which are Endemism, endemic to temporary freshwater habitats like ponds in the upper Paraná River, Paraná, upper Araguaia River, Araguaia, upp ...

''. Although this split is generally accepted, a genetic study indicates that ''Hypsolebias'' is not

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

. There are 35 currently recognized species in ''Hypsolebias'': * ''

Hypsolebias adornatus ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2000) * ''

Hypsolebias antenori ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' ( Tulipano, 1973) * ''

Hypsolebias auratus ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2000) * ''

Hypsolebias brunoi ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003) * ''

Hypsolebias caeruleus ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2013Costa, W.J.E.M. (2013): ''Hypsolebias caeruleus'', a new seasonal killifish of the ''Hypsolebias adornatus'' complex from the Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil, São Francisco River basin (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 141-146.'' * ''

Hypsolebias carlettoi ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2004) * ''

Hypsolebias coamazonicus ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, Amorim &

Bragança Bragança may refer to: People *Jaime Celestino Dias Bragança, a Portuguese footballer Politics and History *House of Bragança - A Portuguese Royal House *Duke of Bragança - A Portuguese noble, and later royal, title * Bragança - One of the m ...

, 2014 * '' Hypsolebias faouri'' Britzke, D. T. B. Nielsen & C. de Oliveira, 2016 * ''

Hypsolebias flagellatus ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003) * '' Hypsolebias flammeus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989) * '' Hypsolebias flavicaudatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1990) * '' Hypsolebias fulminantis'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1993) * '' Hypsolebias ghisolfii'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, Cyrino & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1996) * ''

Hypsolebias gilbertobrasili ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family (biology), family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species ...

Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus ''Hypsolebias'' is a genus of small fish in the family Rivulidae that are endemic the Caatinga, Cerrado and nearby regions in Brazil. The greatest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species in the Tocantins, ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2011Costa, W.J.E.M. (2011): ''Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus'', a new seasonal killifish from the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil, Itapicuru River basin (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22 (3): 221-226.'' * '' Hypsolebias picturatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 2000) * '' Hypsolebias pterophyllus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 * '' Hypsolebias radiosus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 2004) * '' Hypsolebias radiseriatus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 * '' Hypsolebias sertanejo'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 * '' Hypsolebias shibattai'' D. T. B. Nielsen, M. Martins, L. M. de Araújo & Suzart, 2014Nielsen, D.T.B., Martins, M., Araujo, L.M.d. & Suzart, R.d.R. (2014): ''Hypsolebias shibattai'', a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (1): 27-34.'' * '' Hypsolebias tocantinensis'' D. T. B. Nielsen, J. C. da Cruz & A. C. Baptista, 2012Nielsen, D.T.B., Cruz, J.C. & Baptista, A.C.Jr. (2012): A new species of annual fish, ''Hypsolebias tocantinensis'' sp.n. (Cyprinodontiformes:Rivulidae) from the rio Tocantins basin, northeastern Brazil. ''Zootaxa, 3527: 63–71.'' * '' Hypsolebias trifasciatus'' D. T. B. Nielsen, M. Martins, L. M. de Araújo, F. O. de Lira & A. F. Martín, 2014Nielsen, D.T.B., Martins, M., Araujo, L.M.d., Lira, F.O.d. & Faour, A. (2014): ''Hypsolebias trifasciatus'', a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Preto, rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (3): 131-138.''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q949131 Rivulidae Freshwater fish genera