The Hyperiidea are a suborder of amphipods, small aquatic

crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean gro ...

s. Unlike the other suborders of Amphipoda, hyperiids are exclusively marine and do not occur in fresh water. Hyperiids are distinguished by their large eyes and

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a cr ...

ic habitat. Most species of hyperiids are

parasite Parasitism is a Symbiosis, close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the Host (biology), host, causing it some harm, and is Adaptation, adapted structurally to this way of lif ...

s or

predator Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

s of

salp A salp (plural salps, also known colloquially as “sea grape”) or salpa (plural salpae or salpas) is a barrel-shaped, planktic tunicate. It moves by contracting, thereby pumping water through its gelatinous body, one of the most efficient ...

s and

jellyfish Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella- ...

in the

, although '' Themisto gaudichaudii'' and a few relatives are free-swimming predators of

copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have p ...

s and other small planktonic animals.

Gallery

Taxonomy

According to Vinogradov ''et al.'' in 1996, 233 species of Hyperiidea are known. Some controversy exists as to the number of families in the Hyperiidea, being given as between 20 and 23 depending on whether groups like the Thaumatopsidae are considered distinct or not. The taxonomy of Hyperiidea currently accepted by the ''

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific speciali ...

'' is as follows: ;Infraorder Physocephalata Bowman & Gruner, 1973 * Parvorder Physocephalatidira Bowman & Gruner, 1973 ** Superfamily Phronimoidea Rafinesque, 1815 *** Family Bougisidae Zeidler, 2004 *** Family Cystisomatidae Willemöes-Suhm, 1875 *** Family Dairellidae Bovallius, 1887 *** Family

Hyperiidae The Hyperiidae are a family of amphipods, containing these genera: *'' Euthemisto'' Bovallius, 1887 *''Hyperia Hyperia may stand for: * ''Hyperia'' (crustacean), a genus of the order Amphipoda * The ancient Greek name for the island of Amorgos ...

Dana, 1852 *** Family Iulopididae Zeidler, 2004 *** Family Lestrigonidae Zeidler, 2004 *** Family Phronimidae Rafinesque, 1815 *** Family

Phrosinidae Phrosinidae is a family of amphipods belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivo ...

Dana, 1852 ** Superfamily Platysceloidea Spence Bate, 1862 *** Family Amphithyridae Zeidler, 2016 *** Family

Anapronoidae ''Anapronoe'' is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Anapronoidae. The species of this genus are found in the Central Atlantic Ocean. Species: *'' Anapronoe bowmani'' *'' Anapronoe reinhardti'' References {{Taxonbar, ...

Bowman & Gruner, 1973 *** Family

Brachyscelidae Brachyscelidae is a family of amphipods belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detriti ...

Stephensen, 1923 *** Family Eupronoidae Zeidler, 2016 *** Family Lycaeidae Claus, 1879 *** Family Lycaeopsidae Chevreux, 1913 *** Family

Oxycephalidae Oxycephalidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detrit ...

Dana, 1852 *** Family

Parascelidae Parascelidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detrit ...

Bovallius, 1887 *** Family Platyscelidae Spence Bate, 1862 *** Family Pronoidae Dana, 1852 *** Family Thamneidae Zeidler, 2016 *** Family

Tryphanidae Tryphanidae is a family of amphipods belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivo ...

Boeck, 1871 ** Superfamily Vibilioidea Dana, 1852 *** Family Cyllopodidae Bovallius, 1887 *** Family

Paraphronimidae ''Paraphronima'' is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Paraphronimidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across ...

Bovallius, 1887 *** Family Vibiliidae Dana, 1852 ;Infraorder Physosomata Pirlot, 1929 * Parvorder Physosomatidira Pirlot, 1929 ** Superfamily Lanceoloidea Bovallius, 1887 *** Family Chuneolidae Woltereck, 1909 *** Family

Lanceolidae Lanceolidae is a family of amphipods belonging to the order Amphipoda. Genera: * ''Lanceola ''Lanceola'' is a genus of green algae in the family Characiaceae Characiaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales. Genera , Al ...

Bovallius, 1887 *** Family Megalanceolidae Zeidler, 2009 *** Family Metalanceolidae Zeidler, 2009 *** Family

Microphasmidae Microphasmidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detr ...

Stephensen & Pirlot, 1931 *** Family Mimonecteolidae Zeidler, 2009 *** Family Prolanceolidae Zeidler, 2009 ** Superfamily Scinoidea Stebbing, 1888 *** Family

Archaeoscinidae Archaeoscinidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detr ...

K. H. Barnard, 1930 *** Family Microscinidae Zeidler, 2012 *** Family

Mimonectidae Mimonectidae is a family of amphipods belonging to the order Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivo ...

Bovallius, 1885 *** Family Mimoscinidae Zeidler, 2012 *** Family

Scinidae Scinidae is a family of amphipods belonging to the order Amphipoda. Genera: * ''Acanthoscina'' Vosseler, 1900 * ''Ctenoscina'' Wagler, 1926 * ''Fortunata (amphipod), Fortunata'' Chun, 1889 * ''Scina'' Prestandrea, 1833 * ''Spinoscina'' Bowman & ...

Stebbing, 1888

Distribution

Hyperiidea are known from many

ocean The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the wo ...

s of the world, including 69 species in the

Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is regarded as the second-smal ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q136267 Amphipoda Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards Arthropod suborders