A hydrofunctionalization reaction is the addition of hydrogen and another univalent fragment (X) across a carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom multiple bond. Often, the term ''hydrofunctionalization'' without modifier refers specifically to the use of the covalent hydride (H-X) as the source of hydrogen and X for this transformation. If other reagents are used to achieve the net addition of hydrogen and X across a multiple bond, the process may be referred to as a ''formal hydrofunctionalization''. Generic hydrofunctionalization reaction

For terminal olefins (or acetylenes), the regioselectivity of the process can be described as Markovnikov (addition of X at the substituted end) or anti-Markovnikov (addition of X at the unsubstituted end). Catalysts are frequently employed to control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of hydrofunctionalization reactions.

Examples

Some of the better known classes of hydrofunctionalization reactions include the following: * Hydroboration * Hydrosilylation * Hydrometalation (including both transition or main group metal hydrides) * Hydroamination *(Olefin) hydration (addition of H₂O across a double bond) * Hydroalkoxylation (''also known as'' hydroetherification) *

Hydrohalogenation A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. : If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different ...

* Hydrovinylation (including hydroarylation and olefin dimerization and others) * Hydroacylation *

Hydroformylation In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes () from alkenes (). This chemical reaction entails the net addition of a formyl group () and a hydrogen ...

(refers specifically to the addition of CHO and H using H₂ and CO as reagents, ''also known as'' the oxo process)

References

{{reflist Addition reactions