Hydrobiology is the science of life and life processes in water. Much of modern hydrobiology can be viewed as a sub-discipline of

ecology Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their Natural environment, environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community (ecology), community, ecosystem, and biosphere lev ...

but the sphere of hydrobiology includes

taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...

, economic and industrial biology,

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

, and physiology. The one distinguishing aspect is that all fields relate to

aquatic Aquatic means relating to water; living in or near water or taking place in water; does not include groundwater, as "aquatic" implies an environment where plants and animals live. Aquatic(s) may also refer to: * Aquatic animal, either vertebrate ...

organisms. Most work is related to

limnology Limnology ( ; ) is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems. It includes aspects of the biological, chemical, physical, and geological characteristics of fresh and saline, natural and man-made bodies of water. This includes the study of lakes, ...

and can be divided into

lotic system ecology River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many parts.Angelier, ...

(flowing waters) and lentic system ecology (still waters). One of the significant areas of current research is

eutrophication Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of organisms that may deplete the oxygen in the water; ie. the process of too many plants growing on the s ...

. Special attention is paid to biotic interactions in

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against ocean current, currents (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are ca ...

assemblage including the

microbial loop The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by ph ...

, the mechanism of influencing

algal bloom An algal bloom or algae bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in fresh water or marine water systems. It is often recognized by the discoloration in the water from the algae's pigments. The term ''algae'' encompass ...

s, phosphorus load, and lake turnover. Another subject of research is the acidification of mountain lakes. Long-term studies are carried out on changes in the ionic composition of the water of rivers, lakes and

reservoir A reservoir (; ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to water storage, store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation. Reservoirs are created by controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of wa ...

s in connection with

acid rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of Precipitation (meteorology), precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists b ...

and

fertilization Fertilisation or fertilization (see American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give ...

. One goal of current research is elucidation of the basic environmental functions of the ecosystem in reservoirs, which are important for water quality management and water supply. Algal bloom from Cyclone Veronica

Much of the early work of hydrobiologists concentrated on the biological processes utilized in sewage treatment and

water purification Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for hu ...

especially slow sand filters. Other historically important work sought to provide biotic indices for classifying waters according to the biotic communities that they supported. This work continues to this day in Europe in the development of classification tools for assessing water bodies for the EU water framework directive. A hydrobiologist technician conducts field analysis for hydrobiology. They identify plants and living species, locate their habitat, and count them. They also identify pollutants and nuisances that can affect the aquatic fauna and flora. They take the samples and write reports of their observations for publications. A hydrobiologist engineer intervenes more in the process of the study. They define the intervention protocols and what samples should be taken. They plan and program the study campaigns, and then summarize their results. In the event of pollution, they propose solutions to improve the biological quality of water within the framework of the regulations in force. In the case of complex programs, hydrobiologists can work in a multidisciplinary team with botanists and zoologists. The hydrobiologist works on behalf of large public institutions of a scientific and technological nature (CNRS, INRA, IRD, CIRAD, IRSTEA ...), public institutions (Water Agencies, Regional Directorates environment, Higher Council of Fisheries, CEMAGREF ...), companies (EDF, Veolia environment, Suez environment, Saur, ...), local authorities, research departments, and associations (Federations of fishing, Permanent Centers for Environmental Initiatives ...).

Training and studies

The biologist technician usually has a training level bac +2 or bac +3: - DUT biological engineering options biological and biochemical analyzes (ABB), environmental engineering, - BTSA water professions - BTS GEMEAU - water management and control - BTS and regional controls - BTSA Agricultural, Biological and Biotechnological Analyzes (ANABIOTEC) - DEUST analysis of biological media - Bachelor's degree in biology The engineer in hydrobiology has a training level bac +5: - engineering school diploma: INA, ENSA, Polytech Montpellier sciences and water technologies - master's degree in environmental sciences or biology (training examples) environmental management and coastal ecology (University of La Rochelle) biology of organisms and populations (University of Burgundy) continental and coastal environments sciences Environment, Soils, Waters and Biodiversity (University of Rouen) operation and restoration of continental aquatic environments (University of Clermont Ferrand), etc.

Field of research interests

The following are the research interests of Hydrobiologists: ** Acidification impact on lake and reservoir ecosystems **

Ocean acidification Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean. Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the primary cause of ...

Paleolimnology Paleolimnology (from Greek: παλαιός, ''palaios'', "ancient", λίμνη, ''limne'', "lake", and λόγος, ''logos'', "study") is a scientific sub-discipline closely related to both limnology and paleoecology. Paleolimnological studies fo ...

of remote mountain lakes ** Molecular ecology,

phylogeography Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages. This is accomplished by considering the geographic distribution of individuals in light of ge ...

and taxonomy of Cladocera ** Chemical communication in

(prey-predator interaction) ** Biomanipulation of water reservoirs ** Phosphorus and nitrogen

nutrient cycle A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and noncyclic pathway, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyc ...

Organizations

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO)International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology (SIL)American Fisheries SocietyFreshwater Biological Association, EnglandMarine Biological Laboratory (USA)Australian Society for Fish BiologyFisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of NewfoundlandDepartment of Hydrobiology (Charles University, Prague)Water Research Institute T.G.M.
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/19990420134453/http://www.jcu.cz/~vurh/welcome_gb.html Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiologybr>Department of Hydrobiology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, SlovakiaMax-Planck-Institut fur Limnologie in Ploen, Germany

Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesHydrobiology Pty Ltd
Brisbane, Australia based private consulting company

University of Tartu, Estonia
Department of Hydrobiology
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Department of General and Applied Hydrobiology
Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "Sveti Kliment Ohridski", Bulgaria

Journals

Fundamental and Applied LimnologyInternational Review of HydrobiologyIndian HydrobiologyHydrobiologiaThe African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries

Review of Hydrobiology

The Biological Bulletin

Notable researchers

Jacques Cousteau Jacques-Yves Cousteau, (, also , ; 11 June 191025 June 1997) was a French naval officer, oceanographer, filmmaker and author. He co-invented the first successful open-circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), called the ...

Jane Lubchenco Jane Lubchenco (born December 4, 1947) is an American environmental scientist and marine ecologist who teaches and conducts research at Oregon State University. Her research interests include interactions between the environment and human well- ...

References

*E.P.H. Best (Editor), Jan P. Bakker (Editor) ''Netherlands-Wetlands'' (Developments in Hydrobiology series) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1993, 328 pp) *R.I. Jones (Editor), V. Ilmavirta (Editor) ''Flagellates in Freshwater Ecosystems'' (Developments in Hydrobiology series) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992, 498pp.) *Jürgen Schwoerbel ''Methods of hydrobiology (freshwater biology)'' (Pergamon Press; st English ed.edition, 1970, 200pp.) *Hydrobiologist by Josée Lesparre © CIDJ - 09/2019

Citations

* Kopáček, Jiří; Kaňa, Jiří; Bičárová, Svetlana; Brahney, Janice; Navrátil, Tomáš; Norton, Stephen A.; Porcal, Petr; Stuchlík, Evžen (2019-09-06). "Climate change accelerates recovery of the Tatra Mountain lakes from acidification and increases their nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations". ''Aquatic Sciences''. * Beamish, Richard J.; Harvey, Harold H. (2011-04-13). "Acidification of the La Cloche Mountain Lakes, Ontario, and Resulting Fish Mortalities". ''Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada''. * Qu, Bin; Zhang, Yulan; Kang, Shichang; Sillanpää, Mika (2019-02-01). "Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in rivers of the "Water Tower of Asia"". ''Science of the Total Environment''. * Galizia Tundisi, José (2018-08-01). "Reservoirs: New challenges for ecosystem studies and environmental management". ''Water Security''. * "Introduction to the EU Water Framework Directive - Environment - European Commission". ''ec.europa.eu''. Retrieved 2022-03-01 * Doney, Scott C.; Busch, D. Shallin; Cooley, Sarah R.; Kroeker, Kristy J. (2020-10-17). "The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities". ''Annual Review of Environment and Resources''. * Moser, Katrina A.; Hundey, Elizabeth J.; Sia, Maria E.; Doyle, Rebecca M.; Dunne, Holly; Longstaffe, Fred J. (2020-05-01). "Factors Leading to Increased Algal Production in Mountain Lakes: A Paleolimnological Perspective from the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA": * Bekker, Eugeniya I.; Karabanov, Dmitry P.; Galimov, Yan R.; Haag, Christoph R.; Neretina, Tatiana V.; Kotov, Alexey A. (2018-03-15). "Phylogeography of Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea: Cladocera) in Northern Eurasia: Evidence for a deep longitudinal split between mitochondrial lineages". * Shemi, Adva; Alcolombri, Uria; Schatz, Daniella; Farstey, Viviana; Vincent, Flora; Rotkopf, Ron; Ben-Dor, Shifra; Frada, Miguel J.; Tawfik, Dan S.; Vardi, Assaf (2021-11). "Dimethyl sulfide mediates microbial predator–prey interactions between zooplankton and algae in the ocean". ''Nature Microbiology'' * Jůza, Tomáš; Duras, Jindřich; Blabolil, Petr; Sajdlová, Zuzana; Hess, Josef; Chocholoušková, Zdeňka; Kubečka, Jan (2019-10-01). "Recovery of the Velky Bolevecky pond (Plzen, Czech Republic) via biomanipulation – Key study for management". ''Ecological Engineering'' * Hecky, R. E.; Bootsma, H. A.; Mugidde, R. M.; Bugenyi, F. W. B. (1996), "Phosphorus Pumps, Nitrogen Sinks, and Silicon Drains: Plumbing Nutrients in the African Great Lakes", ''The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes'', Routledge

External links

Hydrobiology website
Website for Hydrobiology, Aquacultures, Ichthyology, Water purification and Biological Oceanology - Bulgaria.
The International Congress on the Biology of FishAnnual Larval Fish ConferenceAnnual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference

Prints proceedings for international conferences on Hydrobiology {{Authority control Aquatic biomes Aquatic ecology Branches of biology