Hydrobiidae, commonly known as mud snails, is a large

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Internationalism * World citizen, one who eschews traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship * Cosmopolitanism, the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community * Cosmopolitan ...

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of very small

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mi ...

and

brackish water Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuary ...

snails with an operculum, in the order

Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including some freshwater snails ( limnic species) and land snails ( terrestrial species).Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Fr� ...

.MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Hydrobiidae W. Stimpson, 1865. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=120 on 2024-06-18

Distribution

Hydrobiidae are found in much of the world, inhabiting all continents except Antarctica. In Australia alone there are over 260 species in the family.

Description

These are very small or minute snails, with a shell height of less than 8 mm. The dextrally-coiled shells are smooth (except for growth lines conforming to the shape of the outer lip) and are usually rather nondescript. The shell offers very few robust characteristics to the systematist who is attempting to classify the species within this family. This difficulty is compounded by a high degree of intraspecific variation. Descriptions often have to be based on the characteristics of the operculum,

radula The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...

and

penis A penis (; : penises or penes) is a sex organ through which male and hermaphrodite animals expel semen during copulation (zoology), copulation, and through which male placental mammals and marsupials also Urination, urinate. The term ''pen ...

. The shell of species within this family varies from planispiral to needle-shaped. The shell may have an open

umbilicus Umbilicus may refer to: *The navel or belly button *Umbilicus (mollusc), a feature of gastropod, Nautilus and Ammonite shell anatomy *Umbilicus (plant), ''Umbilicus'' (plant), a genus of over ninety species of perennial flowering plants *Umbilicus ...

or a plugged umbilicus. The thickness of the shell can vary from thin to fairly solid. The shell may be transparent and horn-colored, or colorless. The number of

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). In nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagram ...

in the shell varies between two and eight. The shell can sometimes even assume a corkscrew or hornlike shape by loosening of the attachment of body whorl. The

periostracum The periostracum ( ) is a thin, organic coating (or "skin") that is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including molluscs and brachiopods. Among molluscs, it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in gastropods an ...

(outer layer of the shell) is usually thin, and is often colored. It can sometimes show hair-like projections. The sinuous

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is entire, not interrupted by a siphonal canal or other extensions. It is sometimes thickened. The

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called " ...

is usually shaped like a dome, and usually shows a few spirals. The corneous operculum is usually well-formed and shows only a few spirals. The head, foot, mantle and visceral coil are colored pale gray to dark purple-black with

melanin Melanin (; ) is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms. Melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes. There are ...

pigments. Subterranean species are often unpigmented. The strong foot can be retracted into the shell. The mucous glands are situated at the anterior edge of the foot. There are no posterior mucous glands. The symmetrical cephalic tentacles are threadlike, with blunt or rounded tips. The eyes are located at the base of the tentacles. The ctenidium (a comblike respiratory apparatus) goes along most of the length of the pallial cavity. This respiratory gill consists of 10 to 200 triangular filaments. The

osphradium The osphradium is a pigmented chemosensory epithelium patch in the mantle cavity present in six of the eight extant classes of molluscs (it is absent in the Scaphopoda and Monoplacophora; most Cephalopoda also lack it, but the nautilus has what a ...

, the olfactory organ linked with the respiration organ, is usually relatively small. The taenioglossate

consists of more than fifty rows of teeth. The central tooth is trapezoidal. The lateral teeth have few to numerous cusps. The marginal teeth are usually with numerous cusps. The species usually have both male and female individuals, but very rarely reproduction may be

parthenogenic Parthenogenesis (; from the Greek + ) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which the embryo develops directly from an egg without need for fertilization. In animals, parthenogenesis means the development of an embryo from an unfertiliz ...

, caused by internal fertilization. The females lay eggs in single capsules on the leaves or stems of water plants. But sometimes they produce eggs that are hatched within the pallial gonoduct of the body, and in these cases the young are born alive. Species that inhabit estuaries sometimes produce

veliger A veliger is the planktonic larva of many kinds of sea snails and freshwater snails, as well as most bivalve molluscs (clams) and tusk shells. Description The veliger is the characteristic larva of the gastropod, bivalve and scaphopod taxono ...

larvae. The fossil record of this family extends back to the

Early Carboniferous Early may refer to: Places in the United States * Early, Iowa, a city * Early, Texas, a city * Early Branch, a stream in Missouri * Early County, Georgia * Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort Music * Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...

Ecology

Habitat

Most species of this family live in freshwater (lakes, ponds, rivers, streams), but some are found in brackish water or at the borders between freshwater and brackish water. A few occur in marine environments on sandy or muddy bottoms between algae and sea grass.

Feeding habits

These small snails feed on

algae Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular ...

diatom A diatom (Neo-Latin ''diatoma'') is any member of a large group comprising several Genus, genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world. Living diatoms make up a significant portion of Earth's B ...

s and

detritus In biology, detritus ( or ) is organic matter made up of the decomposition, decomposing remains of organisms and plants, and also of feces. Detritus usually hosts communities of microorganisms that colonize and decomposition, decompose (Reminera ...

Taxonomy

This is the largest family within the superfamily

Truncatelloidea Truncatelloidea is a family (biology), superfamily of snails, gastropod mollusc, mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.Bouchet, P. (2013). ''Truncatelloidea''. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/a ...

. At one time or another some 400 genera have been assigned to this family, and probably more than 1,000 species. The Hydrobiidae family is the most widespread and diverse family of

freshwater mollusc Freshwater molluscs are those members of the phylum Mollusca which live in freshwater habitats, both lotic (flowing water) such as rivers, streams, canals, springs, and cave streams ( stygobite species) and lentic (still water) such as lakes, ...

s in the world, occupying a range of habitats from streams and

estuarine An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environm ...

creeks to alpine bogs. This family was originally named by Troschel in 1857, as the group Hydrobiae. Troschel was not certain of their rank, and he placed them in the Taenioglossata: Ctenobranchiata between the Lithoglyphi and Ancyloti. Over the years there have been numerous attempts to give an adequate and more finely divided classification. Thiele (1925, 1929 and 1931) set up the most comprehensive classification, with a review of the family at generic level. Notable works about taxonomy of Hydrobiidae includes works by Radoman, for example Radoman (1983).book description
The classification, as specified by Kabat and Hershler (1993), does not form a

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

group, and was in need of revision. A study by Wilke et al. (2001) using molecular data from COI (

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I Cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1) also known as mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) is a protein that is encoded by the ''MT-CO1'' gene in eukaryotes. The gene is also called ''COX1'', ''CO1'', or ''COI''. Cytochrome c oxidase ...

) and 18S genes has resulted in a new tentative set of subfamilies: Hydrobiinae, Pseudamnicolinae, Nymphophilinae, Islamiinae and Horatiinae.

2005 taxonomy

The following subfamilies are recognized in the gastropod taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi from 2005: * Hydrobiinae Stimpson, 1865 – synonyms: Paludestrinidae Newton, 1891; Pyrgorientaliinae Radoman, 1977; Pseudocaspiidae Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983 * Belgrandiinae de Stefani, 1877 – synonyms: Horatiini D. W. Taylor, 1966; Sadlerianinae Radoman, 1973; Pseudohoratiinae Radoman, 1973; Orientaliidae Radoman, 1973 (inv.); Lithoglyphulidae Radoman, 1973; Orientalinidae Radoman, 1978 (inv.); Belgrandiellinae Radoman, 1983; Dabrianidae Starobogatov, 1983; Istrianidae Starobogatov, 1983; Kireliinae Starobogatov, 1983; lanzaiidae Starobogatov, 1983; Tanousiidae Starobogatov, 1983; Bucharamnicolinae Izzatulaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985; Martensamnicolinae Izzatulaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985; Turkmenamnicolinae Izzatulaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985 * Clenchiellinae D. W. Taylor, 1966Taylor D. W. (1966). ''The Veliger'' 9(2): 181, 199. * Islamiinae Radoman, 1973 * Navarriellinae García-Guerrero, Miller & Ramos, 2023 * Nymphophilinae D. W. Taylor, 1966 * Pseudamnicolinae Radoman, 1977 * Pyrgulinae Brusina, 1882 (1869) – synonyms: Caspiidae B. Dybowski, 1913; Microliopalaeinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1914; Micromelaniidae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1914; Turricaspiinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915; Liosarmatinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1920; Chilopyrgulinae Radoman, 1973; Micropyrgulidae Radoman, 1973; Falsipyrgulinae Radoman, 1983; Ohridopyrgulinae Radoman, 1983; Prosostheniinae Pana, 1989 * Tateinae Thiele, 1925Thiele (1925). ''Handbuch der Zoologie'' 5(1): 80. – synonyms: Potamopyrgidae F. C. Baker, 1928; Hemistomiinae Thiele, 1929 The

Amnicolidae Amnicolidae is a family of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea. This family is in the clade Littorinimorpha (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & ...

and

Cochliopidae Cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks. Paludestrina d'Orbigny, 1840 is an archaic synonym, and has been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names by ICZN O ...

are considered as distinct families according to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).

Genera

* Belgrandiellinae Radoman, 1983 ** '' Aetis'' Chertoprud, Grego & Mumladze, 2023 ** '' Andrusovia'' Brusina, 1903 **'' Arganiella'' Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980 ** '' Balkanica'' Georgiev, 2011 ** '' Balkanospeum'' Georgiev, 2012 ** ''

Belgrandiella ''Belgrandiella'' is a genus of minute freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae. Species The genus ''Belgrandiella'' includes the following species: Synonyms: The following names a ...

'' A. J. Wagner, 1928 ** ''Boleana'' Radoman, 1975: synonym of ''

'' A. J. Wagner, 1928 ** '' Bucharamnicola'' Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985 ** '' Cavernisa'' Radoman, 1978 ** '' Chirgisia'' Glöer, Boeters & Pešić, 2014 ** '' Cilgia'' Schütt, 1968 ** '' Colchiella'' Chertoprud, Grego & Mumladze, 2023 ** ''Costellina'' Kuščer, 1933: synonym of '' Paladilhiopsis'' Pavlović, 1913 ** ''

Graziana ''Graziana'' is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family (biology), family Hydrobiidae. Species Species within the genus ''Graziana'' ...

'' Radoman, 1975 ** '' Heraultiella'' Bodon, Manganelli & Giusti, 2002 ** ''

Insignia An insignia () is a sign or mark distinguishing a group, grade, rank, or function. It can be a symbol of personal power or that of an official group or governing body. An insignia, which is typically made of metal or fabric, is a standalone sy ...

'' Angelov, 1972 ** ''

Istriana The Istriana or Carsolina, , , is a breed of domestic sheep from Istria and the Karst regions of the northern Adriatic, from north-east Italy to Croatia and Slovenia. History The Istriana breed appears to derive from inter-breeding of local ...

'' Velkovrh, 1971 ** '' Iverakia'' Glöer & Pešić, 2014 ** '' Kerkia'' Radoman, 1978 ** '' Kolevia'' Georgiev & Glöer, 2015 ** '' Meyrargueria'' Girardi, 2009 ** '' Microstygia'' Georgiev & Glöer, 2015 ** '' Motsametia'' Vinarski, Palatov & Glöer, 2014 ** ''

Palacanthilhiopsis ''Palacanthilhiopsis'' is a genus of very small or minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birt ...

'' Bernasconi, 1988 ** '' Phreatica'' Velkovrh, 1970 ** '' Pontohoratia'' Vinarski, Palatov & Glöer, 2014 ** '' Sarajana'' Radoman, 1975 ** '' Sataplia'' Chertoprud, Grego & Mumladze, 2023 ** '' Sogdamnicola'' Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1984 ** '' Tadzhikamnicola'' Izzatullaev, 2004 ** '' Tschernomorica'' Vinarski & Palatov, 2019 ** '' Turkmenamnicola'' Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985 ** '' Valvatamnicola'' Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1984 ** '' Zeteana'' Glöer & Pešić, 2014 * Belgrandiinae de Stefani, 1877 ** '' Antibaria'' Radoman, 1983 ** '' Belchatovia'' Kadolsky & Piechocki, 2000 ** ''

Belgrandia ''Belgrandia'' is a genus of very small Aquatic animal, aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Hydrobiidae. Species Species within the genus ''Belgrandia'' include: *''Belgrandia alcoaensis'' *''Belgran ...

'' Bourguignat, 1870 ** '' Bracenica'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Cyclothyrella'' Neubauer, Mandic, Harzhauser & Hrvatović, 2013 ** '' Dalmatella'' Velkovrh, 1970 ** '' Daphniola'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Gloeria'' Georgiev, Dedov & Cheshmedjiev, 2012 ** '' Gocea'' Hadžišče, 1956 ** '' Graecorientalia'' Radoman, 1983 ** '' Grossuana'' Radoman, 1983 ** '' Guadiella'' Boeters, 2003 ** '' Hadziella'' Kuščer, 1932 ** '' Isimerope'' Radea & Parmakelis, 2013 ** '' Karucia'' Glöer & Pešić, 2013 ** ''

Litthabitella ''Litthabitella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae Hydrobiidae, commonly known as mud snails, is a large cosmopolitan family of very small freshw ...

'' Boeters, 1970 ** '' Lyhnidia'' Radoman, 1962 ** '' Malaprespia'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Martensamnicola'' Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985 ** '' Martinietta'' Schlickum, 1974 ** '' Microprososthenia'' Kadolsky & Piechocki, 2000 ** ''Myrtoessa'' Radea, 2016, named after greek nymph Myrtoessa ** '' Narentiana'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Ohridohauffenia'' Hadžišče, 1959 ** '' Ohridohoratia'' Hadžišče, 1959 ** '' Ohrigocea'' Hadžišče, 1959 ** '' Pauluccinella'' Fo. Giusti & Pezzoli, 1990 ** '' Plesiella'' Boeters, 2003 ** '' Prespiana'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Prespolitorea'' Radoman, 1983 ** '' Pseudavenionia'' Bodon & Giusti, 1982 ** '' Pseudohoratia'' Radoman, 1967 ** '' Pseudoislamia'' Radoman, 1979 ** '' Strugia'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Sumia'' Glöer & Mrkvicka, 2015 ** '' Tarraconia'' Ramos & Arconada, 2000 ** '' Trichonia'' Schütt, 1980 ** '' Turcorientalia'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Zaumia'' Radoman, 1983 ** '' Zavalia'' Radoman, 1974 * Bullaregiinae ''Delicado, Hauffe & Wilke, 2023'' (unavailable name, description in Supplementary Material does not fulfill the requirements of the Code for e-only publications ) ** '' Belgrandiellopsis'' Khalloufi, Béjaoui & Delicado, 2020 ** ''

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'' Khalloufi, Béjaoui & Delicado, 2020 ** '' Bullaregia'' Khalloufi, Béjaoui & Delicado, 2017 * Caspiinae B. Dybowski, 1913 ** † '' Alizadella'' Kabakova, 1966 ** † '' Azeria'' Kabakova, 1967 ** ''

Caspia ''Caspia'' is a genus of marine snails, brackish water snails and freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as moll ...

'' Clessin & W. Dybowski, 1887 ** '' Clathrocaspia'' Lindholm, 1930 ** '' Erosiconcha'' Delicado & Gürlek, 2021 ** ''

Graecoanatolica ''Graecoanatolica'' is a genus of small freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.Bouchet, P. (2015). Graecoanatolica Radoman, 1973. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http ...

'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Ulskia'' Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1969 * Horatiinae D.W. Taylor, 1966 ** '' Anagastina'' Radoman, 1978 ** '' Caucasogeyeria'' Grego & Mumladze, 2020 ** '' Caucasopsis'' Grego & Mumladze, 2020 ** '' Dalmatinella'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Daudebardiella'' O. Boettger, 1905 ** '' Graecoarganiella'' Falniowski & Szarowska, 2011 ** '' Hausdorfenia'' Grego & Mumladze, 2020 ** '' Horatia'' Bourguignat, 1887 ** '' Iglicopsis'' Falniowski & Hofman, 2021 ** '' Imeretiopsis'' Grego & Mumladze, 2020 ** '' Kartvelobia'' Grego & Mumladze, 2020 ** '' Lerniana'' Delicado & Hauffe, 2022 ** '' Montenegrospeum'' Pešić & Glöer, 2013 ** '' Pezzolia'' Bodon & Giusti, 1986 ** '' Radomaniola'' Szarowska, 2007 ** '' Sadleriana'' Clessin, 1890 ** '' Sardohoratia'' Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998 ** '' Tanousia'' Servain, 1881 ** '' Travunijana'' Grego & Glöer, 2019 ** '' Vinodolia'' Radoman, 1973 Peringia ulvae-Nl2

* Hydrobiinae Stimpson, 1865 ** '' Achaiohydrobia'' Falniowski, 2021 ** '' Adriohydrobia'' Radoman, 1977 ** '' Cariohydrobia'' Delicado & Gürlek, 2021 ** ''

Ecrobia ''Ecrobia'' is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae. Species Species within the genus ''Ecrobia'' include: * '' Ecrobia grimmi'' ( Clessin & Dybowski, 1888) * '' Ecrobia maritima'' (Milas ...

'' Stimpson, 1865 ** † '' Harzhauseria'' Neubauer & Wesselingh, 2023 ** '' Hoyia'' F. C. Baker, 1926 ** ''

Hydrobia ''Hydrobia'' is a genus of very small brackish water snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.Gofas, S. (2011). Hydrobia Hartmann, 1821. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http ...

'' W. Hartmann, 1821 ** '' Peringia'' Paladilhe, 1874 ** † '' Polycirsus'' Cossmann, 1888 ** ''

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

'' Cossmann, 1913 ** '' Salenthydrobia'' Wilke, 2003 ** † '' Tournoueria'' Brusina, 1870 * Islamiinae Radoman, 1973 ** '' Actenidia'' Arconada & Ramos, 2024 ** '' Alzoniella'' Giusti & Bodon, 1984 ** '' Aretiana'' Delicado & Ramos, 2021 ** '' Avenionia'' Nicolas, 1882 ** ''

Beatrix Beatrix is a Latin feminine given name, most likely derived from ''Viatrix'', a feminine form of the Late Latin name ''Viator'' which meant "voyager, traveller" and later influenced in spelling by association with the Latin word ''beatus'' or "ble ...

'' J. P. Miller, García-Guerrero, Delicado & Ramos, 2024 ** '' Boetersiella'' Arconada & Ramos, 2001 ** '' Chondrobasis'' Arconada & Ramos, 2001 ** '' Corbellaria'' Callot-Girardi & Boeters, 2012 ** '' Deganta'' Arconada & Ramos, 2019 ** '' Fissuria'' Boeters, 1981 ** ''

Hauffenia ''Hauffenia'' is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family (biology), family Hydrobiidae. Distribution ''Hauffenia'' is widely distribu ...

'' Pollonera, 1898 ** '' Iberhoratia'' Arconada & Ramos, 2007 ** '' Islamia'' Radoman, 1973 ** ''

Josefus Josefus was an American rock band from Houston, Texas, United States, who have been credited as "one of the first models for the blunt sound of Texas hard rock and heavy metal." They were also mentioned in an article in ''Classic Rock'' title ...

'' Arconada & Ramos, 2006 ** '' Milesiana'' Arconada & Ramos, 2006 ** '' Spathogyna'' Arconada & Ramos, 2002 * Mercuriinae Boeters & Falkner, 2017 ** ''

Mercuria Mercuria Energy Group Ltd. is a Cyprus-domiciled Swiss multinational commodity trading company active in a wide spectrum of global energy markets including crude oil and refined petroleum products, natural gas (including LNG), power, biodiesel, ...

'' Boeters, 1971 * Navarriellinae García-Guerrero, Miller & Ramos, 2023 ** '' Navarriella'' Boeters, 2000 * Nymphophilinae ** '' Birgella'' Baker, 1926 ** '' Cincinnatia'' Pilsbry, 1891 ** '' Floridobia'' F. G. Thompson & Hershler, 2002 ** ''

Marstonia ''Marstonia'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Hydrobiidae. Distribution Species in the genus ''Marstonia'' are distributed in springs, streams and lakes in eastern North A ...

'' F. C. Baker, 1926 ** '' Notogillia'' Pilsbry, 1953 ** ''

Pyrgulopsis ''Pyrgulopsis'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae. Etymology The name ''Pyrgulopsis'' is composed from '' Pyrgula'', another genus of snail, and ''opsis'' = asp ...

'' Call & Pilsbry, 1886 ** '' Rhapinema'' F. G. Thompson, 1970 ** '' Spilochlamys'' F. G. Thompson, 1968 ** '' Stiobia'' F. G. Thompson, 1978 * Pontobelgrandiellinae Delicado, Hauffe & Wilke, 2023 (unavailable name, description in Supplementary Material does not fulfill the requirements of the Code for e-only publications) ** '' Cavernisa'' Radoman, 1978 ** '' Devetakia'' Georgiev & Glöer, 2011 ** '' Devetakiola'' Georgiev, 2017 ** '' Pontobelgrandiella'' Radoman, 1978 ** '' Stoyanovia'' Georgiev, 2017 * Pseudamnicolinae Radoman, 1977 ** ''

Corrosella ''Corrosella'' is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the subfamily Pseudamnicolinae of the family Hydrobiidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Corrosella Boeters, 1970. ...

'' Boeters, 1970 ** '' Diegus'' Delicado, Machordom & Ramos, 2016 ** '' Falniowskia'' Bernasconi, 1991 ** '' Graecamnicola'' Willmann, 1981 ** '' Kaskakia'' Glöer & Pešić, 2012 ** '' Kitrinomatousa'' Glöer & Kolokotronis, 2023 ** ''

Pseudamnicola ''Pseudamnicola'' is a genus of small brackish water snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Pseudamnicolinae of the family Hydrobiidae.Bouchet, P. (2014). Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878. Accessed through: World Re ...

'' Paulucci, 1878 ** '' Sarkhia'' Glöer & Pešić, 2012 * Pyrgulinae E. von Martens, 1858 ** † '' Aenigmapyrgus'' Popova & Starobogatov, 1970 ** † '' Annulifer'' Cossmann, 1921 ** '' Chilopyrgula'' Brusina, 1896 ** '' Clessiniola'' Lindholm, 1924 ** ''

Dianella Dianella may refer to: * ''Dianella'' (beetle), a species and genus of beetle in the family Carabidae now known as ''Diamella'' * ''Dianella'' (gastropod), a genus of freshwater snails in the family Hydrobiidae * ''Dianella'' (plant), a genus of ...

'' Gude, 1913 ** '' Falsipyrgula'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Ginaia'' Brusina, 1896 ** † '' Itomelania'' K. Suzuki, 1943 ** '' Laevicaspia'' Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1917 ** '' Maeotidia'' Andrusov, 1890 ** '' Marticia'' Brusina, 1897 ** † '' Micromelania'' Brusina, 1874 ** '' Micropyrgula'' Polinski, 1929 ** '' Neofossarulus'' Poliński, 1929 ** '' Ohridopyrgula'' Radoman, 1983 ** '' Pseudodianella'' Neubauer, Mandic, Harzhauser & Hrvatović, 2013 ** '' Pyrgohydrobia'' Radoman, 1955 ** '' Pyrgorientalia'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Pyrgula'' de Cristofori & Jan, 1832 ** † '' Sibiropyrgula'' Lindholm, 1932 ** '' Stankovicia'' Poliński, 1929 ** '' Trachyochridia'' Poliński, 1929 ** '' Turricaspia'' B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915 ** '' Xestopyrgula'' Poliński, 1929 * Shadiniinae V. Anistratenko, Peretolchina, Sitnikova & Palatov, 2017 ** '' Intermaria'' Delicado, Pešić & Glöer, 2016 ** '' Nicolaia'' Glöer, Bößneck, Walther & Neiber, 2016 ** '' Persipyrgula'' Delicado, Pešić & Glöer, 2016 ** '' Shadinia'' Akramowski, 1976 * ''Incertae sedis'' ** '' Agrafia'' Szarowska & Falniowski, 2011 ** ''Anatolidamnicola'' (sic): synonym of '' Anadoludamnicola'' Şahin, Koca & Yıldırım, 2012 (incorrect original spelling) ** ''Antillobia'' Altaba, 1993: synonym of '' Pyrgophorus'' Ancey, 1888 (subjective junior synonym) ** '' Arabiella'' Kadolsky, Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2016 ** '' Austropyrgus'' Cotton, 1942 ** '' Baglivia'' Brusina, 1892 ** '' Bania'' Brusina, 1896 ** '' Beogradica'' Pavlović, 1927 ** '' Berkanella'' Taybi, Glöer & Mabrouki, 2024 ** † ''

Bernicia Bernicia () was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England. The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English cou ...

'' L. R. Cox, 1927 ** '' Brasovia'' Neubauer, Kroh, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2015 ** † '' Briardia'' Munier-Chalmas, 1884 ** '' Bullaregia'' Khalloufi, Béjaoui & Delicado, 2017 ** ''

Caspiohydrobia ''Caspiohydrobia'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Hydrobiidae. The species of this genus are found in Caspian Sea. Species: *''Caspiohydrobia aralensis'' *''Caspiohydrobia behningi'' *''Caspiohydrobia bergi'' *''Caspiohydr ...

'' Starobogatov, 1970 (nomen dubium) ** † '' Charydrobia'' Stache, 1889 ** † '' Chazarella'' A. A. Ali-Zade, 1967 ** † '' Cirsomphalus'' Cossmann, 1907 ** '' Coelacanthia'' Andrusov, 1890 ** † '' Costhyrella'' Pacaud, 1997 ** '' Ctyrokya'' Schlickum, 1965 ** † '' Edrozeba'' Guzhov, 2022 ** '' Falsibelgrandiella'' Radoman, 1973 ** '' Fessia'' Glöer, Mabrouki & Taybi, 2020 ** † '' Fuxinia'' X.-H. Yu, 1982 ** '' Gafaita'' Taybi, Glöer & Mabrouki, 2023 ** † '' Goniatogyra'' Cossmann, 1921 ** '' Goniochilus'' Sandberger, 1875 ** '' Gyromelania'' Wenz, 1939 ** '' Heideella'' Backhuys & Boeters, 1974 ** '' Hemite'' Gürlek, 2018 ** '' Heterocyclus'' Crosse, 1872 ** '' Idrisiella'' Mabrouki, Glöer & Taybi, 2022 ** '' Ifrania'' Glöer, Mabrouki & Taybi, 2020 ** '' Illyricella'' Neubauer, Mandic & Harzhauser, 2016 ** '' Iraklimelania'' Willmann, 1981 ** † '' Islamiella'' Guzhov, 2023 ** '' Jekeliella'' Bandel, 2010 ** '' Kadolskya'' Neubauer & Harzhauser, 2016 ** '' Kaskakia'' Glöer & Pešić, 2012 ** '' Kerchia'' Bandel, 2010 ** '' Lisinskia'' Brusina, 1897 ** '' Littoridinops'' Pilsbry, 1952 ** '' Lutetiella'' Kadolsky, 2015 ** † '' Lyobasis'' L.-S. Huang, 1987 (accepted > unreplaced junior homonym, junior homonym of ''Lyobasis'' Pilsbry, 1903) ** ''Mahrazia'' Mabrouki, Taybi & Gloër, 2022 ** ''Menzella'' Mabrouki, Glöer & Taybi, 2023 ** '' Microbeliscus'' Sandberger, 1875 ** '' Micromelania'' Brusina, 1874 ** '' Mikrogoniochilus'' Willmann, 1981 ** † '' Mirolaminatus'' H.-J. Wang, 1977 ** † '' Montjavoultia'' Raspail, 1909 ** '' Motsametia'' Vinarski, Palatov & Glöer, 2014 ** '' Muellerpalia'' Bandel, 2010 ** '' Navalis'' Quiñonero-Salgado & Rolán, 2017 ** '' Nematurella'' Sandberger, 1875 ** '' Neohoratia'' Schütt, 1961 ** '' Odontohydrobia'' Pavlović, 1927 ** '' Ohridonaumia'' Glöer & Pešić, 2023 ** † '' Parateinostoma'' Oppenheim, 1892 ** '' Parhydrobia'' Cossmann & Dollfus, 1913 ** † '' Pechelbronnia'' R. Janssen, 2007 ** '' Phaethusa (gastropod)'' Glöer & Manolas, 2024 ** '' Pikasia'' Taybi, Glöer & Mabrouki, 2021 ** † '' Pingyispira'' Y.-T. Li, 1986 ** '' Polatenia'' Georgiev, 2023 ** † '' Pomatiasia'' Guzhov, 2022 ** '' Pontohoratia'' Vinarski, Palatov & Glöer, 2014 ** '' Pontohydrobia'' Badzoshvili, 1979 ** † '' Potamaclis'' F. Sandberger, 1873 ** † '' Potamolithoides'' W. B. Marshall & Bowles, 1932 ** '' Probythinella'' Thiele, 1928 ** '' Prososthenia'' Neumayr, 1869 ** '' Pseudopaludinella'' Mabille, 1877 (taxon inquirendum) ** '' Pyrgulella'' Harzhauser, Neubauer & Kadolsky in Harzhauser et al., 2016 ** † '' Renistoma'' W. Yü, 1977 ** '' Rhodopyrgula'' Willmann, 1981 ** '' Rifia'' Ghamizi, 2020 ** '' Robicia'' Brusina, 1897 ** '' Saccoia'' Brusina, 1893 ** '' Salaeniella'' Boeters, Quiñonero-Salgado & Ruiz-Cobo, 2019 ** '' Salakosia'' Willmann, 1981 ** '' Salalahia'' Kadolsky, Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2016 ** '' Scalimelania'' Wenz, 1939 ** '' Schapsugia'' Chertoprud, Palatov & Vinarski, 2021 ** '' Sellia'' Raincourt, 1884 ** '' Sheitanok'' Schütt & Şeşen, 1991 ** '' Sitnikovia'' Chertoprud, Palatov & Vinarski, 2020 ** '' Sivasi'' Şahin, Koca & Yildirim, 2012 ** '' Socenia'' Jekelius, 1944 ** '' Staja'' Brusina, 1897 ** '' Stalioa'' Brusina, 1870 ** '' Staliopsis'' Rzehak, 1893 ** '' Stygobium'' Grego & Glöer, 2019 ** '' Syrofontana'' Schütt, 1983 ** '' Tachira'' Chertoprud, Palatov & Vinarski, 2021 ** '' Tefennia'' Schütt & Yıldırım, 2003 ** '' Terranigra'' Radoman, 1978 ** '' Torosia'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2012 ** '' Tournouerina'' Schlickum, 1971 ** '' Tridentalia'' Glöer & Hirschfelder, 2023 ** † '' Unicarinata'' Pan, 1982 ** '' Vilertia'' López-Soriano, Quiñonero-Salgado, A. A. Suárez, Rolán & Glöer, 2022 ** '' Vrazia'' Brusina, 1897 ** † '' Wallaua'' R. Janssen, 2007 ** '' Wuconcha'' Kang, 1983 ** '' Xestopyrguloides'' Willmann, 1981 * '' Znassela'' Taybi, Glöer & Mabrouki, 2023

Notes

References

External links

* {{Authority control Taxa named by William Stimpson