Hydrazinium azide or hydrazine azide is a

chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...

with formula or . It is a

salt In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt. In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as r ...

of the

hydrazinium Hydrazinium is the cation with the formula . This cation has a methylamine-like structure (). It can be derived from hydrazine by protonation (treatment with a strong acid). Hydrazinium is a weak acid with p''K''a = 8.1. Salts of hydrazinium ar ...

cation An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convent ...

and the

azide In chemistry, azide (, ) is a linear, polyatomic anion with the formula and structure . It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid . Organic azides are organic compounds with the formula , containing the azide functional group. The dominant ...

anion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conven ...

. It can be seen as a derivative of

hydrazine Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydraz ...

and

hydrazoic acid Hydrazoic acid, also known as hydrogen azide, azic acid or azoimide, This also contains a detailed description of the contemporaneous production process. is a compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless, volatile, and explosive liquid ...

. It is an unstable solid. The compound is of scientific interest because of its high nitrogen content (93% nitrogen by weight) and explosive properties.

Structure

The solid undergoes structural phase transition to a different crystalline arrangement at a pressure of 13 G Pa.

Chemistry

Hydrazinium azide decomposes explosively into hydrazine,

ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the chemical formula, formula . A Binary compounds of hydrogen, stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pu ...

, and

nitrogen Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a Nonmetal (chemistry), nonmetal and the lightest member of pnictogen, group 15 of the periodic table, often called the Pnictogen, pnictogens. ...

gas: :12 → 3 + 16 + 19 Crystallization with an equimolar amount hydrazine yields the solid hydrazinium azide hydrazinate, ·, or , as

monoclinic In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. A crystal system is described by three Vector (geometric), vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in t ...

crystals. This compound is less hygroscopic and less volatile than pure hydrazinium azide. It decomposes explosively into nitrogen,

hydrogen Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and abundance of the chemical elements, most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting about 75% of all baryon, normal matter ...

, and ammonia. At pressure of 40 GPa, hydrazinium azide decomposes yielding a linear nitrogen allotrope or N≡−−N=N−−≡N, that decomposes to ε-N₂ below 25 GPa. Reaction of hydrazinium azide with

sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, ...

gives quantitative yields of pure hydrazinediium sulfate and

: :[][] + H₂SO₄ → [][] + HN₃

Structure

Chemistry

See also

References

Further reading