Hydrangeaceae is a
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of flowering plants in the order
Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
.
Description
The genera are characterised by
leaves
A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...
in opposite pairs (rarely whorled or alternate), and regular, bisexual
flower
Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...
s with four (rarely 5–12) petals. The
fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering.
Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...
is a
capsule or
berry
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples of berries in the cul ...
containing several
seed
In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be Sowing, sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds ...
s, the seeds with a fleshy
endosperm
The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, which may be auxin-driven. It surrounds the Embryo#Pla ...
.
Genera
The following genera are accepted:
* ''
Carpenteria''
Torr.
* ''
Deutzia''
Thunb.
* ''
Fendlera''
Engelm. & A.Gray
* ''
Fendlerella''
A.Heller
* ''
Hydrangea''
Gronov. ex L.
* ''
Jamesia''
Torr. & A.Gray
* ''
Kirengeshoma''
Yatabe
* ''
Philadelphus''
L.
* ''
Whipplea''
Torr.
Phylogeny
The family Hydrangeaceae has two subfamilies, namely Jamesioideae and Hydrangeoideae. The subfamily Jamesioideae comprises the genera Jamesia and Fendlera.
[Kim, C., Deng, T., Wen, J., Nie, Z. L., & Sun, H. (2015)]
"Systematics, biogeography, and character evolution of Deutzia (Hydrangeaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences."
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 87, 91-104. They are the sister group to the remaining Hydrangeaceae.
[Kubitzki, K. (2013)]
"Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales."
p. 206. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. The subfamily Hydrangeoideae has two tribes:
Hydrangeae consists of Hydrangea s.l.,
[Samain, M. S., Wanke, S., & Goetghebeur, P. (2010)]
"Unraveling extensive paraphyly in the genus ''Hydrangea'' s.l. with implications for the systematics of tribe Hydrangeeae."
Systematic Botany, 35(3), 593-600. and Philadelpheae consists of ''Philadelphus'', ''Carpenteria'', ''Deutzia'', ''Kirengeshoma'', ''Whipplea'', and ''Fendlerella''.
[Hufford, L., Moody, M. L., & Soltis, D. E. (2001)]
"A phylogenetic analysis of Hydrangeaceae based on sequences of the plastid gene matK and their combination with rbcL and morphological data."
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 162(4), 835-846. ''Carpenteria'' is the sister group to ''Philadelphus''. ''Deutzia'' is the sister group to ''Kirengeshoma'', and ''Fendlerella'' is the sister group to ''Whipplea''.
However the relationships among those three clades within the tribe Philadelphae are a bit unclear.
The following cladogram summarizes results from different studies, and for each node it is noted which studies support the sister group positions of the following branches:
References
Asterid families
Taxa named by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier
{{Cornales-stub