''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied

tick Ticks are parasitic arachnids of the order Ixodida. They are part of the mite superorder Parasitiformes. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, and species, but can become larger when engorged. Ticks a ...

s common in

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

, and

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

. They are also found in

Southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost region of Africa. No definition is agreed upon, but some groupings include the United Nations geoscheme for Africa, United Nations geoscheme, the intergovernmental Southern African Development Community, and ...

. The name is derived from

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to have originated in Iran or Central Asia, and then spread further into Asia, including the Middle East, and to southern Europe and Africa. ''Hyalomma'' are larger in size and do not have protective shields (indistinct festoons), but have eyes and banded legs. ''Hyalomma'' species are difficult to identify due to their hybridization and genetic and morphological variations, caused by harsh environmental conditions and lack of food sources. ''Hyalomma'' species are the only ticks to live in such harsh desert conditions. With few hosts available, they are required to be active as soon as a potential host is sensed. Adult ''Hyalomma'' can bite humans and transmit serious pathogens. Immature (

nymph A nymph (; ; sometimes spelled nymphe) is a minor female nature deity in ancient Greek folklore. Distinct from other Greek goddesses, nymphs are generally regarded as personifications of nature; they are typically tied to a specific place, land ...

) ''Hyalomma'' usually feed on birds, rodents, and hares and can be the cause of viral disease and

rickettsia ''Rickettsia'' is a genus of nonmotile, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that may occur in the forms of cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), bacilli (1–4 μm long), or threads (up to about 10 μm long). The genus was n ...

s. Nymphs are often transmitted from one place to another by migrating birds. For example, a migrating bird carrying a ''Hyalomma marginatum'' nymph can cause Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. ''Hyalomma'' species can also transmit

s like Siberian tick typhus,

Boutonneuse fever Boutonneuse fever (also called Mediterranean spotted fever, ''fièvre boutonneuse'', Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, Marseilles fever, or Astrakhan fever) is a fever as a result of a rickettsial infection caused by the bacterium '' Ricketts ...

, and

Q-fever Q fever or query fever is a disease caused by infection with ''Coxiella burnetii'', a bacterium that affects humans and other animals. This organism is uncommon, but may be found in cattle, sheep, goats, and other domestic mammals, includin ...

Species

* '' Hyalomma aegyptium'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''

Hyalomma albiparmatum ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Schulze, 1919 * '' Hyalomma anatolicum'', parasite of camel ** '' Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum'' * ''

Hyalomma arabica ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek language, Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus ...

'' Pegram, Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1982 * '' Hyalomma brevipunctata'' Sharif, 1928 * ''

Hyalomma dromedarii ''Hyalomma dromedarii'' is a species of hard-bodied ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae. Description The dorsal shield ( conscutum) of males can reach a length of . These hard-bodied ticks are broadly oval in shape. The basic color is yellow- ...

'' Koch, 1844 * ''

Hyalomma erythraeum ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Tonelli-Rondelli, 1932 * ''

Hyalomma franchinii ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Tonelli-Rondelli, 1932 * ''

Hyalomma hussaini ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Sharif, 1928 * ''

Hyalomma hystricis ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Dhanda & Raja, 1974 * ''

Hyalomma impeltatum ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Schulze & Schlottke, 1930 * ''

Hyalomma impressum ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Koch, 1844 * ''

Hyalomma kumari ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Sharif, 1928 * ''

Hyalomma lusitanicum ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Koch, 1844 * ''

Hyalomma marginatum ''Hyalomma marginatum'' is a hard-bodied tick found on birds including the pale crag martin. This tick has been implicated in the transmission of Tete virus, Bahig virus, a pathogenic arbovirus previously thought to be transmitted only by mosquit ...

'' Koch, 1844 * ''

Hyalomma nitidum ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Schulze, 1919 * ''

Hyalomma punt ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Hoogstraal, Kaiser & Pedersen, 1969 * '' Hyalomma rhipicephaloides'' Neumann, 1901 * ''

Hyalomma schulzei ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Olenev, 1931 * ''

Hyalomma scupense ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Schulze, 1919 * ''

Hyalomma sinaii ''Hyalomma'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks common in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They are also found in Southern Africa. The name is derived from Greek: Hyalos (ὕαλος) crystal, glass; and omma (oμμα) eye. The genus is believed to ...

'' Feldman-Muhsam, 1960 * ''

Hyalomma truncatum ''Hyalomma truncatum'', also known as the shiny hyalomma or small smooth bont-legged tick, is a species of hard tick in the family Ixodidae The Ixodidae are the family of hard ticks or scale ticks, one of the three families of ticks, consistin ...

'' Koch, 1844 * '' Hyalomma turanicum'' Pomerantsev, 1946

References

External links

Tick bite disease in Turkey
Ticks Acari genera Ixodidae Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Koch {{parasitic animal-stub