Hwanghae dialect () is a dialect of
Korean
Korean may refer to:
People and culture
* Koreans, people from the Korean peninsula or of Korean descent
* Korean culture
* Korean language
**Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Korean
**Korean dialects
**See also: North–South differences in t ...
spoken in
North Hwanghae Province
North Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaebuk-to; , lit. "north Yellow Sea province") is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae. The provincial capital is S ...
,
South Hwanghae Province
South Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaenamdo; , lit. "south Yellow Sea province") is a province in western North Korea. The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae. The provincial capital i ...
in
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...
, as well as the islands of
Baengnyeongdo,
Yeonpyeongdo and
Daecheongdo in
Ongjin County in
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...
. It may also be spoken among former Korean War refugees in cities such as
Incheon
Incheon is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi Province to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic, Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. As of February 2020, ...
.
Pronunciation
In the Hwanghae dialect there are nine vowels (ㅣ·ㅔ·ㅐ·ㅡ·ㅓ·ㅏ·ㅜ·ㅗ·ㅚ). Like the neighboring
Pyongan dialect, the sound of 어(eo) and 으(eu) sounds closer to the 오(o) and 우(u). The medieval Korean vowel of ㆎ, as well as 의 is often pronounced as 에 (e.g. 나베, butterfly and 글페, two days after tomorrow). Difference in phonology is visible between northern areas, which contains influence from the
Pyongan dialect and southern regions, which contains some influence from the
Gyeonggi dialect
The Gyeonggi dialect () or Seoul dialect () of the Korean language is the prestige dialect in South Korea, as well as the basis of the standardized form of the language in the country. It is mainly concentrated in the Seoul National Capital Are ...
.
Grammar
Overall, the grammar of the Hwanghae dialect, particularly for certain suffixes for verbs and statements, are often divergent from standard Korean. Like the neighboring Pyongan dialect and the nonstandard speech of Northwestern Gyeonggi, the suffix '겠(), used to display will or intention, is often pronounced as 갔 () or 갓 () depending on the region of Korea. The declarative suffix for verbs in the formal polite style of speech also diverges from the standard '습니다()', With speakers of the Hwanghae dialect replacing the standard form with ‘-시다 (), -쉬다 (), -쉐다 ()’ and ‘-외다 )'. A similar case occurs with the formal interrogative suffix '습니까 ()', which is replaced by ‘-시꺄 ()', '시까 ()' -쉬꺄 ()’ ‘-시니꺄 ()?’ ‘-오리꺄()’ or ‘-ㄹ납니꺄 ()’. The polite present tense declarative for the informal polite style, '세요' () is also replaced by '시겨 ()' in most regions of Hwanghae.
Words
With the exception of certain terms, much of the vocabulary of the Hwanghae dialect is shared by either the Gyeonggi or Pyeongan dialect, some examples of dialectal words found in Hwanghae include:
(- to be thankful), (- quickly), () and (-
Korean dandelion).
References
* http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0078674. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
Korean dialects
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