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A khutor ( ; rus, хутор, p=ˈxutər) or khutir (, ) is a type of rural locality in some countries of Eastern Europe; in the past the term mostly referred to a single-Homestead (buildings), homestead settlement.Khutor
from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia Khutor
from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The term can be translated as "hamlet (place), hamlet". They existed in Cossack-settled lands that encompassed today's Ukraine, Kuban, and the lower Don River (Russia), Don River basin while in Kuban and Don region the word ''khutor'' was also used to describe new settlements (irrespective of the number of homesteads) which had detached themselves from stanitsas. In some Cossack communities, these types of settlements were referred to as ''posyolok'' () or ''selyshche'' (). In Russia the term "" (''vyselki'', literally, "those who moved away") was also used. Khutor remains the official designation of many Russian villages in these regions. During the Stolypin reforms in the Russian Empire, Russian empire, Peter Stolypin envisaged rich peasants "privatising" their share of the community (''obshchina'' () or ''tovarystvo'' ()) lands, leaving the obshchinas, and settling in khutors on their now individually owned land. A less radical concept was that of an ''otrub'' (отруб) or ''vidrub'': a section of formerly ''obshchina'' land, whose owner has left the ''obshchina'' but still continued to live in the village and to "commute" to his land.Otrub
from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia By 1910 the share of khutors and otrubs among all rural households in the European part of Russia was estimated at 10.5%. These were practically eliminated during the collectivisation in the USSR.
// Етимологічний словник української мови : в 7 т. / редкол.: Мельничук Олександр Савич, О. С. Мельничук (гол. ред.) та ін. — Київ: Наукова думка, 2012. — Т. 6: У — Я. — С. 224. — ISBN 978-966-00-0197-8. According to Max Vasmer, the word entered the East Slavic languages from Old Upper German.
A khutor ( ; rus, хутор, p=ˈxutər) or khutir (, ) is a type of rural locality in some countries of Eastern Europe; in the past the term mostly referred to a single-Homestead (buildings), homestead settlement.Khutorfrom the Great Soviet Encyclopedia Khutor
from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The term can be translated as "hamlet (place), hamlet". They existed in Cossack-settled lands that encompassed today's Ukraine, Kuban, and the lower Don River (Russia), Don River basin while in Kuban and Don region the word ''khutor'' was also used to describe new settlements (irrespective of the number of homesteads) which had detached themselves from stanitsas. In some Cossack communities, these types of settlements were referred to as ''posyolok'' () or ''selyshche'' (). In Russia the term "" (''vyselki'', literally, "those who moved away") was also used. Khutor remains the official designation of many Russian villages in these regions. During the Stolypin reforms in the Russian Empire, Russian empire, Peter Stolypin envisaged rich peasants "privatising" their share of the community (''obshchina'' () or ''tovarystvo'' ()) lands, leaving the obshchinas, and settling in khutors on their now individually owned land. A less radical concept was that of an ''otrub'' (отруб) or ''vidrub'': a section of formerly ''obshchina'' land, whose owner has left the ''obshchina'' but still continued to live in the village and to "commute" to his land.
from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia By 1910 the share of khutors and otrubs among all rural households in the European part of Russia was estimated at 10.5%. These were practically eliminated during the collectivisation in the USSR.
Linguistic origin
The origin of the word is not entirely clear. Assumed are borrowings from Hungarian language, Hungarian határ ( "border"), to which the Slavs are reduced, or határ ("border, edge") — from Serbo-Croatian; also from Proto-Iranic khȁtȃr ( "land belonging to the village") to Ukrainian language, Ukrainian as ''khotar''.Хутір// Етимологічний словник української мови : в 7 т. / редкол.: Мельничук Олександр Савич, О. С. Мельничук (гол. ред.) та ін. — Київ: Наукова думка, 2012. — Т. 6: У — Я. — С. 224. — ISBN 978-966-00-0197-8. According to Max Vasmer, the word entered the East Slavic languages from Old Upper German.
In literature
Nikolai Gogol's first major work is called ''Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka'', where "farm" is a translation of "khutor" (, ''Vechera na khutore bliz Dikanki'').See also
*RanchReferences
{{Reflist Economic history of Russia Economic history of Ukraine Social history of Ukraine Rural geography Human habitats Types of administrative division Russian-language designations of territorial entities