The Muslim Social Democratic Party, usually referred to as Hummet ( az, Hümmət) ("Endeavor"), was a

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...

South Caucasus The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...

. In 1920, it merged with "Adalat" ( az, Ədalət) ("Justice") communist cell in Baku, forming the first

Communist Party of Azerbaijan The Azerbaijan Communist Party ( az, Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası; russian: Коммунистическая партия Азербайджана) was the ruling political party in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, ...

"Old" Hummet (1904 - 1920)

At the end of 1904, the Baku committee of the Russian Social Democratic Party created the Hummet in order to attract Muslim workers. Prominent Hummet politicians included

Mammed Amin Rasulzade Mahammad Amin Akhund Haji Mulla Alekber oghlu Rasulzade ( az, Мәһәммәд Әмин Ахунд Һаҹы Молла Әләкбәр оғлу Рәсулзадә, italic=no, Məhəmməd Əmin Axund Hacı Molla Ələkbər oğlu Rəsulzadə, ; tr ...

(until 1913),

Meshadi Azizbekov Mashadi Azizbey oghlu Azizbeyov, also spelled Azizbeyov ( az, Məşədi Əziz bəy oğlu Əzizbəyov; russian: Мешади Азиз-бек оглы Азизбеков; January 6, 1876 - September 20, 1918) was a Soviet revolutionary of Azerbaij ...

Prokopius Dzhaparidze Prokofy "Alyosha" Aprasionovich Dzhaparidze or Japaridze, ( ka, პროკოფი აპრასიონის ძე ჯაფარიძე, russian: Прокофий Апрасионович Джапаридзе; 15 January 1880 – 20 ...

Sultan Medjid Efendiev Sultan Majid Afandiyev ( az, Sultan Məcid Əfəndiyev; russian: Султан Меджид Эфендиев), also spelled Efendiyev (May 26, 1887 – April 21, 1938) was an Azerbaijani revolutionary and statesman, one of the founders of the Commu ...

Zeynal Zeynalov Zeynal Zeynalov may refer to: * Zeynal Zeynalov (footballer) * Zeynal Zeynalov (politician) Zeynal Zeynalov (, 1876-1935) — politician, activist and member of Second Duma of Russian Empire in 1907. Life He was born in Amirjan village of B ...

and

Nariman Narimanov Nariman Karbalayi Najaf oghlu Narimanov ( az, Nəriman Kərbəlayi Nəcəf oğlu Nərimanov, russian: Нарима́н Кербелаи Наджа́ф оглы Нарима́нов; – 19 March 1925) was an Azerbaijani Bolshevik revolutionary, w ...

. A series of arrests in 1911 weakened the activities of the party, but after the February Revolution, the Hummet renewed its operations. From 1918 to 1920 the Hummet was represented in the parliament of the

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic), or simply as Azerbaijan in Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920,''Bulletin d'Information de l'Azerbaidjan'', No. I, September 1, 1919, pp. 6–7''125 H.C.Debs.'', 58., February 24, 1920, p. 1467. Caucasian Az ...

. On February 20, 1920, it merged with the Adalat Party, the Ahrar Party of Iran and Baku Bolsheviks to establish the

Azerbaijan Communist Party The Azerbaijan Communist Party ( az, Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası; russian: Коммунистическая партия Азербайджана) was the ruling political party in the Azerbaijan SSR, making it effectively a branch of th ...

. Some sources report that pro-Bolshevik Muslims from the Hummet party participated in the

March Events The March Days or March Events () was a period of inter-ethnic strife and clashes which led to the death of about 12,000 Azerbaijani: "The results of the March events were immediate and total for the Musavat. Several hundreds of its members wer ...

, massacres by the Shaumyan-led Bolshevik Baku Soviet and

Dashnak The Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( hy, Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, ՀՅԴ ( classical spelling), abbr. ARF or ARF-D) also known as Dashnaktsutyun (collectively referred to as Dashnaks for short), is an Armenian ...

militia against Azerbaijanis in Baku, in a bid to suppress the

Musavat The Müsavat Party ( az, Müsavat Partiyası, from ar, مساواة ''musāwāt'', ) is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan. Its history can be divided into three periods: Early Musavat, Musavat-in-exile and New Musavat. Early Musa ...

party and to gain control of Baku. Other sources, on the contrary, report that Hummet party members were very critical of the conduct of the events. This is confirmed by the words of

Sultan Majid Efendiyev Sultan Majid Afandiyev ( az, Sultan Məcid Əfəndiyev; russian: Султан Меджид Эфендиев), also spelled Efendiyev (May 26, 1887 – April 21, 1938) was an Azerbaijani revolutionary and statesman, one of the founders of the Commu ...

who wrote: ::''The

Dashnaks The Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( hy, Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, ՀՅԴ ( classical spelling), abbr. ARF or ARF-D) also known as Dashnaktsutyun (collectively referred to as Dashnaks for short), is an Armenia ...

, who for handsome pay protected the capitalists, Taghiev, Naghiev, and others, massacred to a man, in the name of the Soviet, the population of entire blocks and sections inhabited by the Muslim poor. The Dashnaks under the command of such millionaires as Lalaiev and others, were now destroying not only the Musavatists but Muslims in general... The course of events led to a situation in which the comrades who stood at the head of the Soviet, Shaumyan,

Japaridze Japaridze ( ka, ჯაფარიძე) is a Georgian surname which may refer to: *Japaridze (noble family), a noble family in Georgia * Liza Japaridze (b. 2003), better known by the stage name "Lizi Pop" *Manana Japaridze, Georgian origin singer ...

, and others, became themselves prisoners of Dashnaks.''.'' Жизнь Национальностей'', No. 25 (33), 6 July 1919 as cited in

Firuz Kazemzadeh Firuz Kazemzadeh ( fa, فیروز کاظم‌زاده; October 27, 1924 – May 17, 2017) was a Russian-born American historian who was professor emeritus of history at Yale University. Biography Firuz Kazemzadeh was born in Moscow to an Iranian f ...

, ''open citation'', p. 74.

References

Гуммет , Баку , Энциклопедия , История
Defunct political parties in Azerbaijan Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Pre-1920 political parties in Azerbaijan Political parties established in 1904 Political parties of minorities in Imperial Russia Political parties of the Russian Revolution Social democratic parties in Azerbaijan Islamic socialist political parties {{Azerbaijan-party-stub