Humaydi or Humaydiyya (Kurdish: Hevêdî), was a medieval

Kurdish tribe Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurds, Kurdish people, an ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in West Asia, Western Asia. The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or ...

branch of Çehârbuhtî Kurdish tribal federation. That inhabited the regions of

Al-Jazira Jazira, al-Jazira, Jazeera, al-Jazeera, etc. are all transcriptions of Arabic meaning "the island" or "the peninsula". The term may refer to: Business * Jazeera Airways, an airlines company based in Kuwait Locations * Al-Jazira, a traditional ...

and Zozān.

History

Early history

The Humaydi Tribe is first mentioned by 9th-century Arab geographer

Ibn Hawqal Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (), also known as Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Al-Jazira (caliphal province), Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronic ...

. He mentions that the Humaydi Tribe along with Hadhbaniyya and Lariyya Kurdish tribes, had their winter pasture in

Jazira Jazira, al-Jazira, Jazeera, al-Jazeera, etc. are all transcriptions of Arabic language, Arabic meaning "the island" or "the peninsula". The term may refer to: Business *Jazeera Airways, an airlines company based in Kuwait Locations * Al-Jazir ...

region. The Humaydi Tribe along with Hadhbani and Daseni, revolted against the Hamdanid rule in 906. Badh Dustak, the founder of Marwanid Emirate, was the chief of Humaydi Tribe.

Marwanid Emirate

Badh Dustak, the Humaydi Tribal chief. who inherited the domain from his father, Dustak Çehârbuhtî. Badh was a head of a war band. In 978, Badh began expanding his domain further north and west. He captured

Mush In multiplayer online games, a MUSH (a backronymed variation on Multi-user dungeon, MUD most often expanded as Multi-User Shared Hallucination, though Multi-User Shared Hack, Habitat, and Holodeck are also observed) is a text-based online social m ...

, Khlat, Malazgart, Ercish, Bargiri and Taron from the Romans. During the Marwanid era, the Humaydi Tribe gained dominance among the western Kurdish tribes. Even after the fall of the Marwanid Emirate, the tribe persisted.

Humaydis of Akre

The exact time when the Humaydi Tribe became dominant over

Akre Akre (, , ) is a city located in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It is disputed by the Nineveh Governorate and the Duhok Governorate which both partially claim it. Akre is known for its celebrations of Newroz. History The city was built in ...

is unknown, most likely in the early 10th century. Due to Humaydi Tribe dominating over Akre, the city was referred to as Aqr Al-Humaydiyya "Akre of the Humaydis". The Humaydi principality of Akre was an ally of the Hadhbani principality of Irbil. In 1048, the Hadhbani and Humaydi Kurds fell out with Qirwash, the Uqaylid ruler

Mosul Mosul ( ; , , ; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. It is the second largest city in Iraq overall after the capital Baghdad. Situated on the banks of Tigris, the city encloses the ruins of the ...

. The ruler of 'Aqr was Abu'l-Hasan ibn Aysakan al-Humaydi and the ruler of Irbil was Abu'l-Hasan ibn Musak al-Hadhbani. The latter had a brother named Abu Ali ibn Musak whom Abu'l-Hasan Humaydi helped to take his brother’s domain. He did this while Qirwash was in Iraq. The latter on his return intervened in the affairs of the country and had al-Humaydi imprisoned. His intervention ended in failure and the same rulers remained in power in 'Aqr and Irbil.

Zengid era

When Imad ad-Din Zenki came to power, the Humaydi chief and ruler of Akre and shush castles, 'Isa al-Humaydi swore his Allegiance to Imad ad-Din Zenki. When the

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 C ...

caliph laid siege on

in July 1133 for eighty days, Isa al-Humaydi defected to the Abbasid side. However the siege failed, and Imad ad-Din Zenki sent an expedition against the Humaydi Kurds as punishment. After a long fight, the

Zengids The Zengid or Zangid dynasty, also referred to as the Atabegate of Mosul, Aleppo and Damascus (Arabic: أتابكة الموصل وحلب ودمشق), or the Zengid State (Old Anatolian Turkish: , Modern Turkish: ; ) was initially an ''Atabegate ...

were successful of subduing the Humaydis of Akre and surrounding regions.

Humaydiyya Military contingent

The Humaydiyya military tribal contingent was less prominent to the other Kurdish tribal military elites within the

Ayyubid Sultanate The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...

. They probably numbered around 1,000 troops. according to James, it's possible that the Humaydi Tribe only joined the Ayyubids during Saladin's campaign against Atabagates of Mosul in 1182. Al-Isfahani described the Humaydi contingent of the Ayyubid Army as:

Relationship with other Kurdish tribes

The Humaydi Tribe had a long relation with their Hadhbani and Bashnawiyya Kurdish neighbors, as both the Humaydi and Hadhbani associated themselves with the

Ayyubids The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish ori ...

Notable people

*Abu'l-Hasan Al-Humaydi, c.1048, ruler of Humaydi principality of Akre *'Isa Al-Humaydiyi, c.?-1134, ruler of Humaydi principality of Akre * Badh Dustak, founder of Marwanid dynasty * Nusayr Al-Humaydi (died 1190), commander of Humaydiyya contingent of

Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...

army *Muhammad Shihab ad-Din al-‘Aqri al-Adawi, a 12th century faqih, belonging to

Adawiyya Adawiyya (; ), also pejoratively known as Yazidiyya (; ), was a Sunni Sufi order founded by Adi ibn Musafir in Kurdistan. Adawiyya was a syncretic and heterodox sect, heavily influenced by Pre-Islamic religions. It later evolved into Yazidism. O ...

order

References

Sources

*{{cite book , editor-first1= , location=Paris , isbn=978-2296001053 , editor-last1= , editor-first2= , editor-last2= , editor-first3= , editor-last3= , language=French , chapter= , first=Boris , last=James , title=Saladin et les Kurdes: Perception d'un Groupe au Temps des Croisades , date=2006 , publisher= Editions L'Harmattan Kurdish tribes