Hui-bin Jang
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Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan (; 3 November 1659 – 10 October 1701), personal name Jang Ok-jeong (), was a consort of
Sukjong of Joseon Sukjong (; 7 October 1661 – 12 July 1720), personal name Yi Sun (), was the 19th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. A skilled legislator, he caused multiple changes in political power throughout his reign, by switching among the Namin ...
and the mother of King Gyeongjong. She was queen of Joseon from 1690 until her deposition in 1694.


Biography


Early life

Jang Ok-jeong was the daughter of Jang Hyeong and his second wife, Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan. Part of the Namin faction, she came from a long line of interpreters and belonged to the Jungin class. Ok-jeong is widely thought to have been one of the most beautiful women in
Joseon Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom w ...
, and her charm was mentioned in the
Annals Annals (, from , "year") are a concise history, historical record in which events are arranged chronology, chronologically, year by year, although the term is also used loosely for any historical record. Scope The nature of the distinction betw ...
. She became a
lady-in-waiting A lady-in-waiting (alternatively written lady in waiting) or court lady is a female personal assistant at a Royal court, court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking nobility, noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was o ...
to the King's step-great-grandmother, Grand Queen Dowager Jaui, at the recommendation of Prince Dongpyeong, who was Sukjong's first cousin-once-removed and Jaui's step-grandson.


Life as royal consort

While visiting Queen Jaui, the King became infatuated with Ok-jeong's beauty and gave her the rank of ''Seungeun Sanggung'' (or Favored Sanggung; 승은 상궁), but his mother, Queen Dowager Hyeonyeol, who belonged to the Seoin faction, feared that Jang Ok-jeong would influence him to favor the Namin, so she expelled her from the palace. In 1683, Hyeonyeol died and Queen Min, Sukjong's wife at that time (posthumously known as
Queen Inhyeon Queen Inhyeon (; 23 April 1667 – 14 August 1701), of the Yeoheung Min clan, was the second wife of King Sukjong, the 19th Joseon monarch. She was queen of Joseon from 1681 until her deposition in 1688, and from her reinstatement in 1694 ...
), allowed Lady Jang to return to court. In 1686, Ok-jeong became a concubine with the rank of '' Sug-won'' (). In 1688, she was elevated to '' So-ui'' (), after giving birth to the King's first son, Yi Yun. In the court, the Seoin faction split into Noron (Old Learning), led by
Song Si-yeol A song is a musical composition performed by the human voice. The voice often carries the melody (a series of distinct and fixed pitches) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs have a structure, such as the common ABA form, and are usuall ...
, and Soron (New Learning), led by
Yun Jeung Yun Jeung or Yun Chŭng (1629 – 30 January 1714) was a Confucian scholar in Korea during the late period of the Joseon dynasty. He was known as being a progressive thinker and for his opposition to the formalism and ritualism in the predominant ...
. The Noron was supported by Queen Inhyeon. The Namin faction pushed for the King to acknowledge Yi Yun as heir apparent, but the Seoin faction insisted that the Queen was still young and could bear a son, who should be the heir. Sukjong pushed for a compromise in which the Queen would adopt Yi Yun as her son. However, she refused to do so. Sukjong became angry at the opposition, and many were killed, including
Song Si-yeol A song is a musical composition performed by the human voice. The voice often carries the melody (a series of distinct and fixed pitches) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs have a structure, such as the common ABA form, and are usuall ...
. The Namin faction seized power, and they exiled the Queen's father and the leaders of the Seoin faction. In May 1689, Queen Inhyeon was also deposed and exiled. This incident is called '' Gisa Hwanguk'' (). In that same year, Lady Jang was promoted to '' Bin'' (), the highest rank for a consort, with the prefix ''Hui'' (禧), which means "beautiful". Later, Jang Hui-bin was appointed as
queen consort A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social Imperial, royal and noble ranks, rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but hi ...
. In 1693, Sukjong's new favorite, a palace maid from the Haeju Choe clan, was officially elevated to a royal consort of the ''Sug-won'' rank. Choe Sug-won (later Choe Suk-bin), was an open supporter of Queen Min and encouraged the King to reinstate her to her original position. In the meantime, Kim Chun-taek, who was member of the Noron faction, and Han Jung-hyuk from the Soron faction, staged a campaign to reinstate the Deposed Queen. In 1694, Jang Ok-jeong lost the favor of the King. Sukjong grew disgusted by the greed of the Namin faction and the ever-powerful Jang family. He also felt remorse for his temperamental actions during '' Gisa Hwanguk''. In the government, the Namin faction's attempt to purge the Seoin on the charge of plotting to reinstate the deposed Queen backfired.


Later years and death

The King banished Jang Hui-jae, Queen Jang's older brother, and the leaders of the Namin party. He officially demoted Jang Ok-jeong to her former position, ''Hui-bin'', and reinstated the Deposed Queen Min. This incident is called '' Gapsul Hwanguk'' (). The Namin faction would never politically recover from this purge. The Soron faction supported Crown Prince Yi Yun, who was Jang Hui-bin's son, while the Noron faction supported Yi Geum, Prince Yeoning, who was Choe Suk-bin's son. In 1701, Queen Inhyeon died of an unknown disease. Allegedly, Sukjong discovered Lady Jang conspiring with a shaman priestess to curse the Queen with black magic and gloating over her death. The Soron faction pleaded with the King to show mercy and pointed out that she was the mother of the Crown Prince. Unmoved, the King sentenced Hui-bin, her mother, her brother, the leader of Soron and all of her companions to death. 1700 people died as a result of the incident. He also exiled the courtiers who had asked him to spare Lady Jang's life. On 7 October 1701, Sukjong passed a decree prohibiting any concubine from ever becoming Queen, and on 10 October 1701, Jang Hui-bin was executed by poisoning at Chwiseondang Hall, her residence inside Changgyeonggung. She was 42 years old.


Burial

Her tomb is called ''Daebinmyo'' and was originally located in
Gwangju Gwangju (; ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's list of cities in South Korea, sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated Special cities of South Korea, metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home ...
,
Gyeonggi Province Gyeonggi Province (, ) is the most populous province in South Korea. Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level ''special city'' since 1946. Incheon, ...
, but in June 1969 it was moved to the Seooneung Cluster, in
Deogyang District Deogyang District () is a '' gu'' (ward) in Goyang, South Korea. City information The area is 165.49 km2 and the population is 385,387 (2008). It borders Jori-eup and Gwangtan-myeon of Paju to the north, Jangheung-myeon of Yangju and Dobon ...
,
Goyang Goyang (; ) is a city in Gyeonggi Province in the north of South Korea. It is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, making Goyang one of Seoul's Satellite city, satellite cities. It is one of the largest cities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, w ...
, Gyeonggi Province, near ''Myeongneung'', which contains the tombs of King Sukjong and two of his wives,
Queen Inhyeon Queen Inhyeon (; 23 April 1667 – 14 August 1701), of the Yeoheung Min clan, was the second wife of King Sukjong, the 19th Joseon monarch. She was queen of Joseon from 1681 until her deposition in 1688, and from her reinstatement in 1694 ...
and Queen Inwon. The relocation took place because the tomb was blocking the government's planned expansion of the city. Behind the tomb is a large rock, and a pine tree has broken through the rock to grow. There is speculation that this reveals that Jang Hui-bin's ''ki'' (energy) was, and still is, very strong. Some Korean websites report that because Lady Jang was such a strong woman there is a belief that if young, single women who want a boyfriend visit the tomb and pay a tribute, they will soon find love. Her memorial tablet was enshrined in ''Chilgung'' (or the "Palace Of Seven Royal Concubines").


Ancestry


Family

* Father: Jang Hyeong (; 25 February 1623 – 12 January 1669) * Mother ** Biological: Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (; 1626–1698); second wife ** Step: Lady Go of the Jeju Go clan (; ? – 1645) Sibling(s) * Elder half-brother: Jang Hui-sik (; 1640 – ?) * Elder sister: Lady Jang () * Elder brother: Jang Hui-jae (; 1651 – 29 October 1701) Husband * Yi Sun, King Sukjong of Joseon (; 7 October 1661 – 12 July 1720) Issue * Son: Yi Yun, King Gyeongjong of Joseon (; 20 November 1688 – 30 September 1724) * Son: Yi Seong-su (; 19 July 1690 – 16 September 1690)


In popular culture

* Portrayed by
Kim Ji-mee Kim Ji-mee (; born July 15, 1940) is a South Korean actress, producer, and film planner whose activity began in 1957. She was born in Daedeok, Chūseinan Province, Korea under Japanese rule, Korea, Empire of Japan in 1940. While a student of Deok ...
in the 1961 film ''Jang Hui-bin''. * Portrayed by
Nam Jeong-im Nam Jeong-im (; July 21, 1945 – September 2, 1992) was a South Korean actress. Nam was commonly referred to as one of the "Troika" along with her rival actresses, Yoon Jeong-hee and Moon Hee of the 1960s and early 1970s. Filmography *Note; ...
in the 1968 film '' Femme Fatale, Jang Hee-bin''. * Portrayed by
Youn Yuh-jung Youn Yuh-jung (, ; born June 19, 1947) is a South Korean actress, whose career in film and television spans over five decades. Her accolades include an Academy Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, British Academy Film Award, and Independent Spir ...
in the 1971 MBC TV series ''Jang Hui-bin''. * Portrayed by Lee Mi-sook in the 1981 MBC TV series ''Women of History: Jang Hui-bin''. * Portrayed by Jun In-hwa in the 1988 MBC TV series ''500 Years of Joseon Dynasty: Queen Inhyeon''. * Portrayed by Jung Sun-kyung in 1995 SBS TV series ''Jang Hee Bin''. * Portrayed by
Kim Hye-soo Kim Hye-soo (; born September 5, 1970) is a South Korean actress. Kim was one of the most popular teen stars in the 1980s and 1990s. She is known for her headstrong independence and regularly playing strong-willed, sophisticated women. Kim began ...
in the 2002–2003
KBS2 KBS 2TV is a South Korean free-to-air Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen ...
TV series '' Royal Story: Jang Hui-bin''. * Portrayed by
Yoon Se-ah Yoon Se-ah (; born January 2, 1978) is a South Korean actress. Yoon is best known for her roles in '' The City Hall'', ''Wife Returns'', '' A Gentleman's Dignity'', ''Stranger'', ''Sky Castle'' and ''Snowdrop''. Career On August 18, 2012, t ...
in the 2007 film ''
Shadows in the Palace ''Shadows in the Palace'' () is a 2007 South Korean period mystery thriller film directed by Kim Mee-jung. The mystery thriller is a fictionalized account of '' gungnyeo'', court maids during South Korea's Joseon era. This is Kim Mee-jung's firs ...
''. * Portrayed by Lee So-yeon in the 2010 MBC TV series '' Dong Yi''. * Portrayed by Choi Woo-ri in the 2012 tvN TV series '' Queen Inhyun's Man''. * Portrayed by
Kim Tae-hee Kim Tae-hee (; born 29 March 1980) is a South Korean actress. Considered one of South Korea's most beautiful actresses, she is best known for her roles in television series such as ''Stairway to Heaven'' (2003–2004), '' Love Story in Harvard ...
and
Kang Min-ah Kang Min-ah (; born March 20, 1997), is a South Korean actress. She is known for the television dramas ''Schoolgirl Detectives'' (2014–2015), ''True Beauty (South Korean TV series), True Beauty'' (2020–2021), and ''At a Distance, Spring Is ...
in the 2013 SBS TV series ''
Jang Ok-jung, Living by Love ''Jang Ok-jung, Living by Love'' () is a 2013 South Korean historical television series, starring Kim Tae-hee, Yoo Ah-in, Hong Soo-hyun and Jae Hee. Based on the 2008 novel by Choi Jung-mi, it is a reinterpretation of Jang Hui-bin's life, as a w ...
''. * Parodied by members of the pop band
Shinhwa Shinhwa () is a South Korean six-member boy band based in Seoul, composed of Eric Mun, Lee Min-woo, Kim Dong-wan, Shin Hye-sung, Jun Jin, and Andy Lee (South Korean singer), Andy Lee. Launched by SM Entertainment on March 24, 1998, the group si ...
in the 25 August 2012 episode of
JTBC JTBC (shortened from Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company; ; stylized in all lowercase) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network. Its primary shareholder is JoongAng Holdings, with a 25% stake. It was launched on December 1, ...
variety show '' Shinhwa Broadcasting''. *Portrayed by Oh Yeon-ah in the 2015 SBS TV series '' Jackpot.''


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jang, Huibin 17th-century Korean people 1701 deaths Year of birth unknown 1659 births 17th-century Korean women Korean ladies-in-waiting Royal consorts of Joseon Queens consort of Korea Indong Jang clan People executed by poison People executed for witchcraft Asian witchcraft Mothers of Korean monarchs