Horwennefer ( "

Horus Horus (), also known as Heru, Har, Her, or Hor () in Egyptian language, Ancient Egyptian, is one of the most significant ancient Egyptian deities who served many functions, most notably as the god of kingship, healing, protection, the sun, and t ...

- Onnophris"; ) was an

Egyptian ''Egyptian'' describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of year ...

who led

Upper Egypt Upper Egypt ( ', shortened to , , locally: ) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel North. It thus consists of the entire Nile River valley from Cairo south to Lake N ...

in secession from the rule of

Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy IV Philopator (; "Ptolemy, lover of his Father"; May/June 244 – July/August 204 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC. Ptolemy IV was the son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II. His succession to the throne was ...

in 205 BC. No monuments are attested to this king but along with his successor Ankhwennefer (also known as ''Chaonnophris'' or ''Ankhmakis'') he held a large part of Egypt until 186 BC. A graffito dating to about 201 BC on a wall of the mortuary Temple of

Seti I Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I in Greek language, Greek) was the second pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom period, ruling or 1290 BC to 1279 BC. He was the son of Ramesses I and Sitre, and th ...

at Abydos, in which his name is written (), is an attestation to the extent of his influence and the ideology of his reign. He appears to have died before 197 BC. The Abydene graffito, one of the few documents remaining from his reign, is written in

using

Greek letters The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and is the earliest known alphabetic script to systematically write vowels as we ...

, the oldest testimony of a development which would end in the

Coptic script The Coptic alphabet is the Writing system, script used for writing the Coptic language, the most recent development of Egyptian language, Egyptian. The repertoire of glyphs is based on the uncial Greek alphabet, augmented by letters borrowed fro ...

replacing the native Egyptian

demotic Demotic may refer to: * Demotic Greek, the modern vernacular form of the Greek language * Demotic (Egyptian), an ancient Egyptian script and version of the language * Chữ Nôm Chữ Nôm (, ) is a logographic writing system formerly used t ...

In popular culture

A war elephant named Herwennefer can be found in the 2017 action-adventure video game, Assassin's Creed: Origins.

References

Bibliography

* {{authority control 3rd-century BC pharaohs 2nd-century BC pharaohs Non-dynastic pharaohs Egyptian rebels 190s BC deaths Year of birth unknown People from the Ptolemaic Kingdom Ancient rebels 3rd-century BC rebels