Hubert Jakob Ludwig (22 March 1852 – 17 November 1913) was a German zoologist and marine biologist best known for his studies of echinoderms. He also rewrote and produced the third edition of the textbook of zoology written by Johannes Leunis in 1883. Ludwig was born in

Trier Trier ( , ; ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( , ) and Triers (see also Names of Trier in different languages, names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle (river), Moselle in Germany. It lies in a v ...

in the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a signif ...

where his father Jakob was a goldsmith. Ludwig went to the local Gymnasium before studying medicine at

Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the Franconia#Towns and cities, third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. It sp ...

from 1871. He then shifted to the study of zoology after attending the classes of

Carl Semper Carl Gottfried Semper (July 6, 1832, Altona, Hamburg, Altona, Duchy of Holstein – May 29, 1893, Würzburg) was a German ethnologist and animal ecologist. His brother Georg Semper took an interest in the lepidoptera while his brother Johannes Ott ...

(1832–1893). His doctorate in 1874 was on egg development in the animal kingdom. He then became an assistant at the

University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen (, commonly referred to as Georgia Augusta), is a Public university, public research university in the city of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1734 ...

under

Ernst Ehlers Ernst Heinrich Ehlers (11 November 1835 – 31 December 1925) was a German zoologist born in Lüneburg. He studied medicine and natural sciences at the University of Göttingen, earning his doctorate in 1861. Here he was influenced by Rudolf Wa ...

and completed his habilitation in 1875 and became a privatdozent. In 1878 he moved to Bremen as the director of the state collections of natural history and ethnography (now the Übersee-Museum Bremen). In 1881 he joined

Giessen University University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named afte ...

as a professor of zoology and in 1887 he shifted to

Bonn University The University of Bonn, officially the Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (), is a public research university in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the () on 18 October 1818 by Frederick Will ...

where he worked until his death from pneumonia. He became a rector for the University in 1901-2. At the university he was involved in the admission of women researchers resulting in Maria Countess von Linden becoming the first woman research assistant. He was elected to the

Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the ''Academi ...

in 1881. In 1897 he spent some time at the Naples marine biological research station. His most well known publication was the monograph on the

Holothuroidea Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea ( ). They are benthic marine animals found on the sea floor worldwide, and the number of known holothuroid species worldwide is about 1,786, with the greatest number being in the Asia ...

, ''Die Seewalzen'', which was published as part of the series of

Heinrich Georg Bronn Heinrich Georg Bronn (3 March 1800 – 5 July 1862) was a German geologist and paleontologist. He was the first to translate Charles Darwin's '' On the Origin of Species'' into German in 1860, although not without introducing his own interpretat ...

's ''Klassen und Ordnungen des ThierReichs ("Classes and Orders of the Animal Kingdom").'' Ludwig's students included

August Reichensperger August Reichensperger (22 March 180816 July 1895) was a German Catholic politician from the city of Koblenz. Life Reichensperger studied law and entered government service, becoming counsellor to the court of appeal (''Appellationsgerichtsrat'') ...

, Michael Britten, Ernst Siegfried Becher, Wilhelm J. Schmidt , Willy Erwe, Wilhelm Adolf Reiffen, and August Ackermann.

References

External links

* Echinodermen (Stachelhäuter
(Volume 1)(Volume 2)

(Volume 3)(Volume 4)(Volume 5)

Morphologische Studien an Echinodermen
(1877-1879)
The Holothurioidea
(1894)
Seesterne. Expédition antarctique belge (1897-1899)
(1903) * Dr. Johannes Leunis Synopsis der thierkunde. Ein handbuch für höhere lehranstalten und für alle
Volume 1Volume 2
1852 births 1913 deaths 19th-century German zoologists German marine biologists Academic staff of the University of Bonn University of Göttingen alumni Scientists from the Kingdom of Prussia {{Germany-zoologist-stub