The House of Aumont is an ancient French noble house which takes its name from Aumont, a small commune in the department of the

Somme __NOTOC__ Somme or The Somme may refer to: Places *Somme (department), a department of France * Somme, Queensland, Australia * Canal de la Somme, a canal in France *Somme (river), a river in France Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Somme'' (book), ...

. The dukedom of Aumont in the

peerage of France The Peerage of France () was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 during the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France () was held by the greatest, highest-ranking members of the Fr ...

was created in 1665 for Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron (1601–1669),

Marquis A marquess (; ) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or wido ...

of Isles. For over two centuries, the Dukes of Aumont held the position of ''First Gentleman of the Bedchamber'' to the

king King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

(''Premier gentilhomme de la chambre du Roi''). The d'Aumont family became extinct in 1888 with Louis Marie Joseph d'Aumont, last duke of Aumont, who died single and without children.

History

The d'Aumont family has a proven lineage dating back to Jean, ''

sire Sire is an archaic respectful form of address to reigning kings in Europe. In French and other languages it is less archaic and relatively more current. In Belgium, the king is addressed as "Sire..." in both Dutch and French. The words "sire" an ...

d'Aumont'', living in 1248. Already powerful by the 14th century, during the

Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy ...

the Aumonts served as military commanders to the French kings. Towards the end of that century, the family changed sides to the

Dukes of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy () was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the Crown lands of France, French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman E ...

, but transferred its loyalties back to the

Kings of France France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I, king of the Fra ...

after the death of

Charles the Bold Charles Martin (10 November 1433 – 5 January 1477), called the Bold, was the last duke of Burgundy from the House of Valois-Burgundy, ruling from 1467 to 1477. He was the only surviving legitimate son of Philip the Good and his third wife, ...

in 1477. Jean V d'Aumont, a Lieutenant-General in the French Army and Governor of Burgundy, was a key player under

Louis XII Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515), also known as Louis of Orléans was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples (as Louis III) from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Marie of Cleves, he succeeded his second ...

and Francis I.

Jean VI d'Aumont Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean ...

(1552–1595) a

Marshal of France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...

and appointed an inaugural

Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...

of the

Holy Spirit The Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Holy Ghost, is a concept within the Abrahamic religions. In Judaism, the Holy Spirit is understood as the divine quality or force of God manifesting in the world, particularly in acts of prophecy, creati ...

in 1578, fought against the Huguenots under the last of the Valois kings; he was among the first to recognize Henry IV, and was appointed Governor of

Champagne Champagne (; ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, spe ...

and of

Brittany Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...

, where he faced battles against the Catholic League. He died at the

Château de Comper The Château de Comper is a former castle located in Paimpont forest (formerly known as Brocéliande), three kilometers to the east of the village of Concoret in the department of Morbihan in the Regions of France, region of Brittany (administra ...

fighting

Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur and of Penthièvre (9 September 1558, in Nomeny, Meurthe-et-Moselle – 19 February 1602, in Nürnberg) was a French soldier, a prince of the Holy Roman Empire and a prominent member of the Catholi ...

, the League's leader. His grandson Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron (1601––1669) was a Marshal of France (1651), Governor of Paris (1662), and first Duke of Aumont. He was

of Villequier, Isle, Nolay and Chappes, as well as

Baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often Hereditary title, hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than ...

of Estrabonnes, before being created Duke of Aumont and a

Peer of France The Peerage of France () was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 during the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France () was held by the greatest, highest-ranking members of the Fr ...

in 1665. He had played an important role in the Battle of Rethel in December 1650. The family has also held positions of ecclesiastic notability. Roger D'Aumont (1645–1651) was anointed Bishop of Avranche in the Catholic Diocese of

Coutances Coutances () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. History The capital of the Unelli, a Gaulish tribe, the town was given the name of ''Constantia'' in 298 during the reign of Roman Emperor Constantius ...

, which includes the renowned abbey of

Mont-Saint-Michel Mont-Saint-Michel (; Norman: ''Mont Saint Miché''; ) is a tidal island and mainland commune in Normandy, France. The island lies approximately off France's north-western coast, at the mouth of the Couesnon River near Avranches and is in ...

Dukes of Aumont

* Louis-Marie-Victor d'Aumont (1632–1704), 2nd Duke of Aumont (previously Marquis of Chappes and Villequier), was a royal courtier under

Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

, who married on 21 November 1660 Madeleine, daughter of Michel le Tellier, marquis de Barbezieux (1603–1685). * Louis d'Aumont ( pl) (1667–1723), 3rd Duke of Aumont (Marquis of Villequier until 1704), was a politician and French Ambassador to London, who married Olympe, daughter of Antoine de Brouilly, marquis de Piennes. * Louis-Marie d'Aumont de Rochebaron (1691–1723), 4th Duke of Aumont (known as Marquis of Villequier). * Louis-Marie-Augustin d'Aumont (1709–1782), 5th Duke of Aumont, was a royal courtier and a celebrated collector of works of art. His collection included several pieces by noted painter

Aglaé Cadet Aglaé-Geneviève-Eurélie Cadet de Gassicourt, known as Aglaé Cadet (c. 1738 – 1801) was a French enamelist and painter of Portrait miniature, miniatures. Born in Paris, Cadet was the daughter of lawyer Jean-Pierre Joly, and was supposedly a ...

. * Louis-Marie-Guy d'Aumont de Rochebaron (1732-1799), 6th Duke of Aumont, and ''marquis de Villequier et de Piennes, duc de Mazarin'', later ''duc de Piennes'', as well as ''baron de Chappes''. His daughter Louise married

Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco Honoré IV (Honoré Charles Anne Grimaldi; 17 May 1758 – 16 February 1819) was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 1814 to 16 February 1819. Because of his illness, the state of affairs was managed by a regency of his brother Joseph ...

. * Alexandre d'Aumont (1736-1814), 7th Duke of Aumont, devoted to

Louis XVI Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. The son of Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765), Louis, Dauphin of France (son and heir- ...

, helped him escape from his prison during the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone, all revolutions contain "a common set of elements ...

in the misguided

flight to Varennes The Flight to Varennes (French: fuite de Varennes) during the night of 20–21 June 1791 was a significant event in the French Revolution in which the French royal family—comprising Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, the Dauphin Louis Charles, ...

. * Louis-Marie-Celeste d'Aumont (1762–1831), 8th Duke of Aumont (from 1814), was also Duke of Piennes, etc. He emigrated during the Revolution and served in the army of the royalists, as also in the

Swedish army The Swedish Army () is the army, land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years. History Svea Life Guards dates back to the year 1 ...

. During the

Hundred Days The Hundred Days ( ), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII o ...

of Napoleon he effected a descent upon

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

in the

Bourbon Bourbon may refer to: Food and drink * Bourbon whiskey, an American whiskey made using a corn-based mash * Bourbon, a beer produced by Brasseries de Bourbon * Bourbon biscuit, a chocolate sandwich biscuit * Bourbon coffee, a type of coffee ma ...

interest, succeeding in the capture of

Bayeux Bayeux (, ; ) is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy in northwestern France. Bayeux is the home of the Bayeux Tapestry, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. It is also known as the fir ...

and

Caen Caen (; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune inland from the northwestern coast of France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Calvados (department), Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inha ...

. Following his ancestors, he became ''Premier Gentilhomme'' of the Bedchamber to

Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. Before his reign, he spent 23 y ...

, after the Restauration.* P. du Colombier, "Le duc d'Aumont : la pointe de l'avant-garde en 1780", ''Connaissance des Arts'', n° 113, 1961, p. 24-31. * Adolphe-Henri-Aimery d'Aumont (1785–1849), 9th Duke of Aumont (also Marquis of Villequier, etc.). * Louis-Marie-Joseph d'Aumont (1809–1888), 10th Duke of Aumont (also Marquis of Villequier, etc.).

Armorial

References

*The ''

Dictionnaire Bouillet ''Dictionnaire Bouillet'' () is the informal title of the ''Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie'' ("Universal Dictionary of History and Geography"), a French reference work in the public domain. The first edition was published i ...

'' is another source for the article.

External links

Catalogue du cabinet du duc d'Aumont, dispersé en vente publique, le 12 décembre 1782 et jours suivants.

Catalogue de la bibliothèque du duc d'Aumont, dispersée en vente publique, le 7 janvier 1783.
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