Host Cell Factor C1
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Host cell factor 1 (HCFC1, HCF1, or HCF-1), also known as VP16-accessory protein, is a
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''HCFC1''
gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.


Structure

HCF1 is a member of the highly conserved host cell factor family and encodes a protein with five Kelch repeats, a fibronectin-like motif, and six HCF repeats, each of which contains a highly specific cleavage signal. This nuclear
transcription coregulator In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes. Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription ar ...
is proteolytically cleaved at one or more of the six possible sites, resulting in the creation of an
N-terminal The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the amin ...
chain and the corresponding
C-terminal The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When t ...
chain. The final form of this protein consists of noncovalently bound N- and C-terminal chains which interact through electrostatic forces.


Function

HCF1 is involved in control of the
cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell (biology), cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA (DNA re ...
as well as having regulatory roles in a multitude of processes related to
transcription Transcription refers to the process of converting sounds (voice, music etc.) into letters or musical notes, or producing a copy of something in another medium, including: Genetics * Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, often th ...
. Additionally, work in model organisms point to HCF1 as being a putative
longevity Longevity may refer to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas ''life expectancy'' is defined Statistics, statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age. For example, a population's life expectancy at birth ...
determinant. Alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. Mutations in this gene have been linked to disorders of the cobalamine metabolism.


Interactions

Host cell factor C1 has been shown to
interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization advocating for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organization was founded in 2006 and fo ...
with: *
BAP1 BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''BAP1'' gene. ''BAP1'' encodes an 80.4 kDa nuclear-localizing protein with a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase ( ...
, *
CREB3 Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CREB3'' gene. This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds to t ...
, *
GABPA GA-binding protein alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GABPA'' gene. Function This gene encodes one of three GA-binding protein transcription factor subunits which functions as a DNA-binding subunit. Since this subun ...
, *
HDAC1 Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC1'' gene. Function Histone acetylation and deacetylation, catalyzed by multisubunit complexes, play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. ...
, *
HDAC2 Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC2'' gene. It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues at the N-terminal region of the ...
, * MLL, * OGT, *
PDCD2 Programmed cell death protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PDCD2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a nuclear protein expressed in a variety of tissues. The rat homolog, Rp8, is transiently expressed in immature thymocytes ...
, *
POU2F1 POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POU2F1'' gene. Interactions POU2F1 has been shown to interact with: * EPRS, * Glucocorticoid receptor, * Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ...
, *
PPP1CA Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1CA'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). P ...
, *
SIN3A Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SIN3A'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulatory protein. It contains paired amphipathic helix (PAH) domains, whic ...
, * SP1, *
SUDS3 Sin3 histone deacetylase corepressor complex component SDS3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SUDS3'' gene. Function SDS3 is a subunit of the histone deacetylase (see HDAC1; MIM 601241)-dependent SIN3A (MIM 607776) corepressor co ...
, *
WDR5 WD repeat-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR5'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed ...
, and * ZBTB17.


References


Further reading

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{refend Kelch proteins