Horns Rev is a shallow sandy

reef A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral, or similar relatively stable material lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic component, abiotic (non-living) processes such as deposition (geol ...

of glacial deposits in the eastern

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Se ...

, about off the westernmost point of

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

, Blåvands Huk.Horns Rev
GEUS News nr 4, 2003. Accessed March 2010. For many years Horns Rev was marked by a lightship, though that has now been replaced by light buoys. The reef is the site of the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm.Horns Rev Wind Farm
, Horns Rev web site. Accessed 11 March 2010.Horns Revolution
, Modern Power Systems 5 October 2002. Accessed 11 March 2010.

Horns Rev offshore wind farm

At Horns Rev the Danish Energy company Elsam (now Ørsted) built the first offshore

wind farm A wind farm, also called a wind park or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of turbines to several hundred wind turbines covering an exten ...

in the North Sea. When the first phase was inaugurated in 2002, Horns Rev wind farm was the first large scale offshore wind farm in the world at 160 MW, four times larger than the previous largest offshore wind farm in the world, the Middelgrunden at 40MW.Morgan, Colin
Offshore Wind – State of the Art
page 24 '' Garrad Hassan'', 20 October 2004. Accessed 19 November 2010.Larsen, Jens H
The World's largest off-shore windfarm, Middelgrunden 40MW
''Copenhagen Environment and Energy Office (CEEO)'', 2001. Accessed 19 November 2010. A total of 80 Vestas V80-2.0 MW units, capable of producing 160 MW, were installed by the Danish offshore wind farms services provider A2SEA in 2002 with the last turbine coming into operation on 11 December 2002. It receives a guaranteed price of 0.453 DKK/kWh for the first 42,000 hours, paid by electricity consumers.Fremskrivning af PSO-udgifter
page 4. '' Danish Energy Agency'', 19 May 2014. Accessed 17 January 2015. Since 2005, the wind farm has been owned and operated by

Vattenfall Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational corporation, multinational electrical power industry, power company owned by the List of government enterprises of Sweden, Swedish state. Beyond Sweden, the company generates power in Denmark, Finland, Germa ...

. It cost DKK2bn. A

radar Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance ('' ranging''), direction ( azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method used to detect and track ...

has shown details of the wind patterns, improving local short-term forecasting. Turbines are laid out as an oblique rectangle of 5 km x 3.8 km (8 horizontal and 10 vertical rows). The distance between turbines is 560 m in both directions. The main method of transport to the first wind park is an adapted Eurocopter EC-135 helicopter when winds are less than 19 m/s. Hoisting the workers to and from a small platform on each turbine allows access to the park regardless of sea conditions which would otherwise prevent sailing in the area for a large part of the year. Vattenfall can change a gearbox in a day, and the farm has an availability of 96-97%. Two turbines are burnt out, and are uneconomic to replace with less than 10 years left. In April 2012, most of the Danish

Folketing The Folketing ( , ), also known as the Parliament of Denmark or the Danish Parliament in English, is the unicameral national legislature (parliament) of the Kingdom of Denmark — Denmark proper together with the Faroe Islands and Greenland. E ...

(parliament) agreed to send out tenders in 2013 for a 400 MW wind farm at Horns Rev called Horns Rev 3, and a 600 MW at Kriegers Flak in the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

, both likely receiving 90 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours. This was expected to raise wind power in Denmark above the current 39% of annual electricity production,Rasmussen, Jesper Nørskov.
Vindmøller slog rekord i 2014
" '' Energinet.dk'', 6 January 2015. Accessed 6 January 2015. which includes the 400 MW Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.Dyrskjøt, Mette
"Two giant offshore wind park tenders in 2013"
''

Dagbladet Børsen ''Børsen'' (full name: ''Dagbladet Børsen'') is a Danish newspaper specialising in business news published in Denmark. History and profile ''Børsen'' was founded in 1896 by merchant and editor Theodor Hans Carsten Green. In 1899, it was chan ...

'', 23 April 2012. Accessed 23 April 2012."Energinet kicks off 1GW offshore work"
''reNews'', 23 April 2012. Accessed 23 April 2012. Some of the area is an old minefield from World War Two.Wittrup, Sanne.
70 tyske miner kan forsinke kommende havmøllepark
''

Ingeniøren ''Ingeniøren'' (full name: ''Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren'', literally ''The News Magazine "The Engineer"'') is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics. History and profile The paper has covered science and technology issues ...

'', 23 February 2015. Accessed 23 February 2015. Four bidders were qualified for the tender.Wittrup, Sanne.
Horns Rev 3 er en godbid
''

'', 16 February 2015. Accessed 12 March 2015.

won the tender in February 2015, at a price of 77 øre/kWh, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.Wittrup, Sanne.
Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark
" ''

'', 26 February 2015. Accessed 26 February 2015. Vattenfall states that they bid unaggressively against strong competition without sacrificing

margins Margin may refer to: Physical or graphical edges *Margin (typography), the white space that surrounds the content of a page *Continental margin, the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust *Leaf ...

. The price reduction contributes to a smaller "green subsidy" (PSO) over the next years.Wittrup, Sanne.
Regnefejl, billig vind og sene kystmøller sænker prisen på grøn omstilling
''

'', 27 March 2015. Accessed 27 March 2015. A total of 49 Vestas V164-8.3 MW units, capable of producing 406.7 MW, will be installed.Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm
" ''

'', 27 June 2016. Accessed 29 October 2016. Three transformers were installed in July 2016. Findings released from an eight-year study about offshore wind farms in Denmark show that the projects "operate in harmony with the surrounding environment". The 2006 report confirms that both the Horns Rev and Nysted offshore wind farms will double in size in the coming years.

References

External links

Horns Rev Newsletter

LORC – Horns Rev 1 Datasheet

Wind Farm Wake: The Horns Rev Photo Case (2012)Meteorological Explanation of Wake Clouds at Horns Rev Wind Farm (2010)
* Official videos
A wind power station in open seaLaying cablesHelicopter transferHelicopter rescue exercise
{{Authority control Offshore wind farms in the North Sea Wind farms in Denmark Vattenfall Ørsted (company) wind farms Sandbanks of the North Sea

Horns Rev offshore wind farm

See also

References

External links