Horatio Stone (December 25, 1808 – August 25, 1875), was an American sculptor, physician, and writer. He is best remembered for his three statues in the U.S. Capitol.

Life and career

Born in

Jackson, New York Jackson is a town in southeastern Washington County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. History The town was formed from part of the town of Cambridge in 1815. Cambridge Valley Livestock is t ...

, he was the eldest of the six children of Reuben and Nancy Fairchild Stone. In New York City, Stone attended the

Columbian Academy of Painting Columbian Academy of Painting was one of the earliest art schools in the United States. It was founded by brothers Archibald and Alexander Robertson in 1792.Archibald Robertson, and the

American Academy of the Fine Arts The American Academy of the Fine Arts was an art institution founded in 1802 in New York City, to encourage appreciation and teaching of the classical style. It exhibited copies of classical works and encouraged artists to emulate the classical in ...

under

John Trumbull John Trumbull (June 6, 1756 – November 10, 1843) was an American painter and military officer best known for his historical paintings of the American Revolutionary War, of which he was a veteran. He has been called the "Painter of the Revolut ...

. At Trumbull's urging, Stone entered medical school for further study of human anatomy.G. W. Samson, ''Elements of Art Criticism: A Hand-Book for Amateurs and Artists'' (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1867), p. 366. He completed his medical training, and practiced as a physician from 1841 to 1847, prior to becoming a sculptor. His first major sculpture was a relief, ''The Three Marys at the Tomb'', for his mother's grave. Stone opened a sculpture studio in New York City in 1847, and moved to Washington, D.C. in 1848. During this time he executed portraits of Washington patrons, which were "good likenesses, but lacked any spark of life."Craven, Wayne, ''Sculpture in America'', Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1968. In celebration of the

French Revolution of 1848 The French Revolution of 1848 (), also known as the February Revolution (), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked t ...

and the establishment of the

French Second Republic The French Second Republic ( or ), officially the French Republic (), was the second republican government of France. It existed from 1848 until its dissolution in 1852. Following the final defeat of Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle ...

, Stone wrote "Hymn of Liberty," a collection of thirty poems. Composer George Henry Curtis (1821–1895) set these to music as the oratorio ''Eleutheria'', which premiered in New York City in April 1849.

Landscape design

Showman

P. T. Barnum Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, businessman, and politician remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and founding with James Anthony Bailey the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. He was ...

purchased land in

Bridgeport, Connecticut Bridgeport is the List of municipalities in Connecticut, most populous city in the U.S. state of Connecticut and the List of cities in New England by population, fifth-most populous city in New England, with a population of 148,654 in 2020. Loc ...

, to develop as Mountain Grove Cemetery (1849). Working with the cemetery's superintendent, Stone surveyed and designed its grounds.Ernest Stevens Leland
"Mountain Grove Cemetery in Bridgeport,"
''Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening'', Chicago, vol. 30, no. 10 (December 1920), p. 260. Stone laid out the initial design for

Pittsfield Cemetery Pittsfield Cemetery is a historic cemetery at 203 Wahconah Street in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Established in 1850, it is good example of a rural cemetery and is the resting ground of many prominent Pittsfield residents with a number of archi ...

(1850), in

Pittsfield, Massachusetts Pittsfield is the most populous city and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Berkshire County. Pittsfi ...

. Subsequent design work was done by the

Olmsted Brothers The Olmsted Brothers company was a Landscape architecture, landscape architectural firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870–1957), sons of the landscape ar ...

, and others. Stone later wrote about the importance of placing works of art in cemeteries:

Such places furnish almost the only facilities, to a rural people, for seeing the higher illustrative works of art. By exercising our ability for superior expenditure in a direction that will increase the number of such works, we shall at the same time elevate their sentiments and advance our own. In every structure, whether of great or small cost, let the spirit of design and the soul of sentiment manifest themselves, and then our cemeteries will be visited, not for the recreation of the ''drive'' only, but for the divine lessons they inculcate, and the sacred aspirations they inspire.

Arts advocate

Stone was co-founder of the Washington Art Association in 1856, and served as president until its dissolution in 1861. In response to the association's advocacy, President

James Buchanan James Buchanan Jr. ( ; April 23, 1791June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States, serving from 1857 to 1861. He also served as the United States Secretary of State, secretary of state from 1845 to 1849 and represented Pennsylvan ...

created a National Arts Commission in 1859, a panel of experts to advise Congress on selecting artwork for federal buildings.''The National Endowment for the Arts: A Brief Chronicle of Federal Support for the Arts, 1965-2000'' (NEA, 2000), p. 6. Congress refused to provide funding for the commission, and it was disbanded after less than two years. Sculptor

Henry Kirke Brown Henry Kirke Brown (February 24, 1814 in Leyden, Massachusetts – July 10, 1886 in Newburgh, New York) was an American sculptor. Life He began to paint portraits while still a boy, studied painting in Boston under Chester Harding, learned a li ...

praised the efforts of his fellow commission member: "This Stone has been for the last eight years a sort of martyr to the cause of art in Washington, through poverty, neglect and scorn he has urged increasing the claim of American artists to the consideration and patronage of the government." Stone was also instrumental in the 1860 founding of the

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of charge, the museum was privately established in ...

Civil War

Stone worked as a contract surgeon during the

Civil War A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same Sovereign state, state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies.J ...

, 1862-1865, initially at the military hospital set up in the

United States Patent Office The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that serves as the national patent office and trademark registration authority for the United States. The USPTO's headquarters are in Ale ...

, in Washington, D.C. There he treated wounded from the

Second Battle of Bull Run The Second Battle of Bull Run or Battle of Second Manassas was fought August 28–30, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. It was the culmination of the Northern Virginia Campaign waged by Confederate ...

Antietam The Battle of Antietam ( ), also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the Southern United States, took place during the American Civil War on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virgin ...

, and Fredericksburg. Poet

Walt Whitman Walter Whitman Jr. (; May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and journalist; he also wrote two novels. He is considered one of the most influential poets in American literature and world literature. Whitman incor ...

was a volunteer nurse:

In the Patent Office Hospital, Dr. Stone,– (Horatio Stone the sculptor—in his ward, some 150 men—he has been surgeon here several months—has had successive changes of soldiers in ischarge—some bad wounds, of course—amputation, sometimes rapidly followed by death, &c.—others from fevers, &c. &c.)—he told me last evening that he had not in memory one single case of a man's meeting the approach of death, whether sudden or slow, with fear or trembling—but always of these young men meeting their death with steady composure, and often with curious readiness—

U.S. Capitol

Statues

Flickr - USCapitol - Edward Dickinson Baker Statue cropped

Congress awarded Stone three statue commissions for the U.S. Capitol: ''John Hancock'', ''Alexander Hamilton'', and ''Edward Dickinson Baker''. An 1870 Report to Congress praised his first two works:

On the 18th day of August, 1865, Congress appropriated $20,000 for works of art to decorate the Capitol, to be expended under the Joint Committee of the Library; and in July, 1866, appropriated a further sum of $5,000 for a similar purpose, to be expended under the direction of the same committee. With these appropriations the following works of art were purchased: …
No. 25, A statue of Hancock, by Dr. Horatio Stone, an American, $5,500.
No. 26, Statue of Hamilton, by Dr. Horatio Stone, American, $10,000. …
Mr. Stone's statues of Hancock and Hamilton are the only works of any real value purchased out of the appropriation referred to above. His Hamilton is remarkably fine; and it is worthy of notice here that these works, costing so little in comparison with others purchased by the government, should be so much more valuable for their artistic merit. It is also to the credit of Mr. Stone that he filled his contract promptly, according to the agreement, and has not called on Congress for extra compensation.

Senator

Edward Dickinson Baker Edward Dickinson Baker (February 24, 1811October 21, 1861) was an American politician, lawyer, and US army officer. In his political career, Baker served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois and later as a U.S. Senator from Oregon. ...

of Oregon was the only sitting U.S. lawmaker to die in the Civl War.Edward Dickinson Baker
from Architect of the Capitol. He had served alongside

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War ...

in the Illinois legislature, and also in the U.S. Congress. (Lincoln named his son Eddie for him.) Baker served as a colonel in the 1846-1848

Mexican-American War Mexican Americans are Americans of full or partial Mexican descent. In 2022, Mexican Americans comprised 11.2% of the US population and 58.9% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United State ...

and, after losing re-election to Congress, opened a law office in

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

in 1852. A vacancy opened in one of Oregon's U.S. Senate seats in 1859. At the urging of a group of Oregon Republicans, Baker moved to

Portland Portland most commonly refers to: *Portland, Oregon, the most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon *Portland, Maine, the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine *Isle of Portland, a tied island in the English Channel Portland may also r ...

in February 1860, and the state legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate in October. At the onset of the Civil War, he was offered a commission as brigadier-general of volunteers for the Union Army, but declined the honor.Blair, Harry and Tarshis, Rebecca. ''Colonel Edward D. Baker: Lincoln’s Constant Ally''. Preferring to be in the fight, he resumed his rank as colonel, and recruited and led the "California Regiment." This was composed of volunteers, mostly from Philadelphia and New York City, who were funded by and fought in the place of potential recruits from the West Coast. Baker was killed early in the war, in the October 21, 1861

Battle of Ball's Bluff The Battle of Ball's Bluff (also known as the Battle of Leesburg or Battle of Harrison's Island) was an early battle of the American Civil War fought in Loudoun County, Virginia, on October 21, 1861, in which Union Army forces under Major Gener ...

.Charles Edward Lester, "The Night of the Battle of Ball's Bluff," ''The Light and Dark of the Rebellion'' (Philadelphia: George W. Childs, 1863), pp. 127-134. Stone was moved by the death of such a brave and dynamic man, and within months modeled a

maquette A ''maquette'' is a scale model or rough draft of an unfinished sculpture or work of architecture. The term is a loanword from French. An equivalent term is ''bozzetto'', a diminutive of the Italian word for a sketch. Sculpture A maquette ...

for a statue of him. It depicted him in modern dress, but wrapped in a cloak that evoked a Roman toga. Stone conceived the statue as the crowning figure for a

triumphal arch A triumphal arch is a free-standing monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road, and usually standing alone, unconnected to other buildings. In its simplest form, a triumphal ...

in Baker's memory, to be erected in Lone Mountain Cemetery, opposite San Francisco. It was never built. More than a decade after Baker's death, Congress appropriated $10,000 for a statue, and awarded the commission to Stone in 1873. The plaster of Stone's ''Baker'' statue was not greeted with the unanimous acclaim of his ''Hamilton'' statue:

arer and dearer to the hearts of today must be the image of "the noblest Roman of them all." It is a statue of Baker, also executed by Horatio Stone, in Rome, in 1863 . Hamilton stands forth in heroic size, while the statue of Baker is under that of life, and barely suggests the grand proportions of the man. Yet the dignity and grandeur of his mien are here, as he stands wrapped in his cloak, his arms folded, his head thrown back, his noble face lifted as if he saw the future—''his future''—and awaited it undaunted and with a joyful heart.

Stone died at

Carrara, Italy Carrara ( ; ; , ) is a town and ''comune'' in Tuscany, in central Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey Carrara marble, marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some Boxing the compass, ...

, in August 1875. Italian carvers posthumously completed his ''Baker'' statue, and it was installed in the U.S. Capitol in 1876.

Federal vases

To memorialize the preservation of the American Republic following the Civil War,Boston Art Club, ''The Federal Vases: Presented to the Boston Art Club, 1887'' (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1888). in 1870 Congress appropriated $10,000 for the creation of a work of art for the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. Stone proposed a set of three heroic-sized bronze vases, decorated with

vignette Vignette may refer to: * Vignette (entertainment), a sketch in a sketch comedy * Vignette (graphic design), decorative designs in books (originally in the form of leaves and vines) to separate sections or chapters * Vignette (literature), short, i ...

s from American history. He was awarded the commission, and modeled the vases in Italy. Stone returned to the United States in 1871, and his plaster models were cast in bronze by the Robert Wood Foundry in Philadelphia. Soon after this, it was discovered that Stone had failed to return his signed contract for the commission, and the money appropriated by Congress had reverted to the U.S. Treasury. He turned to art patron John Chipman Hoadley, who paid Stone's expenses, and the pair of smaller vases were installed (on loan) in the newly-built

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

Chamber. Ownership of the three vases reverted to Hoadley after Stone's 1875 death, and they may have been among the bronze vases by Stone posthumously exhibited at the

1876 Centennial Exposition The Centennial International Exhibition, officially the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876. It was the first official wo ...

in Philadelphia. "The largest of the vases, which is about five feet in height, represents the two great events in the history of the republic—its inauguration in 1789, with numerous historical figures of that period; and the preservation of the republic at the termination of the great rebellion—by representations of the great names connected with the events of that time."''American Machinist'', vol. 10, no. 28 (July 9, 1887), p. 5. Following Hoadley's 1886 death, members of the

Boston Art Club The Boston Art Club is an arts organization in Boston, Massachusetts, which serves to help its members, as well as non-members, to access the world of fine art. It currently has more than 250 members. History The Boston Art Club was first conceive ...

purchased the three federal vases through subscription, and presented them to that institution in 1887. The pair of smaller vases, ''Philosophy'' and ''Invention'', were sold to a private buyer in 1939. The larger ''Republic'' vase was also sold, and is now in the collection of

Pomona College Pomona College ( ) is a private university, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Claremont, California. It was established in 1887 by a group of Congregationalism in the United States, Congregationalists ...

Benton Museum of Art The Benton Museum of Art at Pomona College, known colloquially as the Benton, is an art museum at Pomona College in Claremont, California. It was completed in 2020, replacing the Montgomery Art Gallery, which had been home to the Pomona College ...

, in Claremont, California. The ''Philosophy'' and ''Invention'' vases were auctioned at Christie's New York in January 2012, and realized $62,500 (plus buyer's premium). They are currently on long-term loan to the U.S. Capitol. A Stone obituary listed a marble version of each of the smaller vases,Mary E. Nealy, "Horatio Stone, The Sculptor." ''The Aldine'', vol. 8, no. 6 (1876), p. 188. but these remain unlocated.

Samuel Morse monument

Stone had modeled a 1854 bust of

Samuel Morse Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor and painter. After establishing his reputation as a portrait painter, Morse, in his middle age, contributed to the invention of a Electrical telegraph#Morse ...

, inventor of the

telegraph Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas ...

, who became an advocate for the sculptor's work. Even prior to Morse's 1872 death, Stone proposed a colossal bronze statue of Morse for Washington, D.C. The project would have been the most ambitious of Stone's career, but was never executed:

The National monument to Prof. Morse consists of a statue of Prof. Morse, 12 ft. 3.65 m)in height, surmounting a cylindrical shaft and octagonal base 24 feet 7.3 m)in height, enriched with numerous sculptures illustrative of the invention of the electro-magnetic telegraph. In the frieze are represented in low relief the capitals and other characteristic specimens of the architecture of Europe, Asia, Africa and America, over which are suspended the telegraph wires."The Proposed National Monument to Prof. Morse." ''The Telegrapher'', vol. 7, no. 35 (April 22, 1871), p. 27

/ref>

Personal

Stone never married. During the Civil War, he published ''Freedom'' (1864), a book of patriotic poetry. He traveled to California to lecture in early 1875. Stone sailed for Europe in May 1875.Horatio King, ''Sketches of Travel, or Twelve Months in Europe.'' (Washington City: J. Bradley Adams Press, 1878), p. 1. The ship's passengers were warned of 1863–1875 cholera pandemic, cholera outbreaks in Italy, but he planned to travel to Rome, and "ridiculed the idea of its being any more sickly there than in any other city." ''The New York Times'' reported on July 14: "Horatio Stone, the sculptor, who has the commission for a statue of Gen. E.D. Baker, to be placed in the United States Capitol, is now at Carrara, Italy, superintending the work upon the marble.""The Baker Statue," ''The New York Times'', July 14, 1875, p. 4. Stone died at Carrara, on August 25.

Obituary

HORATIO STONE. — Dr. Stone, as he was popularly called, the well-known sculptor, of Washington City, died at Carrara, Italy, early in September . He was a native of New England, and in early life studied medicine, and practiced as a physician in New York for many years. In 1846, when in the latter city, he began to model in clay. He had previously written verses, but never acquired much fame as a poet. He showed considerable skill as a modeler in clay, however, and was encouraged to continue the work. In 1848, or about that year, he went to Washington, and from that time devoted his whole attention to sculpture. During Dr. Stone's residence in Washington, and between the years 1850 and 1860, he produced several life-size portrait-busts of Chief-Justice Taney and Senator Thomas H. Benton. He shortly afterwards executed marble statues of Mr. Benton and John Hancock. The latter is in the Senate-Chamber. In 1856, Dr. Stone visited Italy, and on his return home, a few years later, he executed several ideal heads and portrait-busts. One of his greatest efforts in sculpture was a design for a colossal statue of Professor Morse, but the work was never finished. In 1870, while on a visit to New York, he made a model for a statue of Dr. Harvey, the discoverer of the circulation of blood. The last and most important work which engaged his attention was a model for the Farragut statue ordered by Congress, but he was an unsuccessful applicant for the commission. Dr. Stone was very enthusiastic in his nature, and had he given his attention earlier to the study of his art under a competent master, he might have achieved lasting fame. He was sixty-five years of age. — ''
The Art Journal ''The Art Journal'' was the most important British 19th-century magazine on art. It was founded in 1839 by Hodgson & Graves, print publishers, 6 Pall Mall, with the title ''Art Union Monthly Journal'' (or ''The Art Union''), the first issue of 7 ...
'', London, November 1875''The Art Journal'', London, Virtue & Company, vol. 1, no. 11 (November 1875), p. 349.

Selected works

Statues

* ''Statue of

John Hancock John Hancock ( – October 8, 1793) was an American Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father, merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot (American Revolution), Patriot of the American Revolution. He was the longest-serving Presi ...

'' (marble, 1857-1861), Western Stairway, Senate Wing, U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C. Originally placed in the Senate Chamber **A 1915 bronze relief bust of Hancock, based on Stone's statue (sculptor unknown), is in Doric Hall,

Massachusetts State House The Massachusetts State House, also known as the Massachusetts Statehouse or the New State House, is the List of state capitols in the United States, state capitol and seat of government for the Massachusetts, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, lo ...

, Boston. * ''Statue of Sen. Thomas Hart Benton'' (marble, 1860), unlocated **A plaster version of the Benton statue was in Stone's studio at the time of his death. * '' Statue of Alexander Hamilton'' (marble, 1866-1868), Rotunda, U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C. * ''Statue of Dr. William Harvey'' (marble, 1870), unlocated * ''Statue of Faith'' (bronze, 1870), Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Roman Catholic Church,

Williamsburg, Brooklyn Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordered by Greenpoint to the north; Bedford–Stuyvesant to the south; Bushwick and East Williamsburg to the east; and the East River to the west. It was an independe ...

* '' Statue of Edward Dickinson Baker'' (marble, 1873-1876), Hall of Columns, U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C. ** Another marble example is in the

Corcoran Gallery of Art The Corcoran Gallery of Art is a former art museum in Washington, D.C., that is now the location of the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design, a part of the George Washington University. Founded in 1869 by philanthropist William Wilson Corco ...

. * ''Statue of Uncle Sam ’76'' (marble, year), unlocated *''Statue of Uncle Sam ’76'' (bronze, year), unlocated * ''Thomas Jefferson Holding the Declaration of Independence'' (marble, year), height: * ''Statue of Corinne at Rome'' (medium, year), unlocated * ''Statue of Beatrice Unveiling to Dante'' (medium, year), unlocated

Portrait busts

* ''Bust of Justice

Roger B. Taney Roger Brooke Taney ( ; March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, chief justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 186 ...

'' (marble, 1853), U.S. Supreme Court, Washington, D.C. **A 1977 bronze cast is in the collection of the

National Portrait Gallery National Portrait Gallery may refer to: * National Portrait Gallery (Australia), in Canberra * National Portrait Gallery (Sweden), in Mariefred *National Portrait Gallery (United States), in Washington, D.C. *National Portrait Gallery, London ...

. * ''Bust of Justice

Samuel Nelson Samuel Nelson (November 10, 1792 – December 13, 1873) was an American attorney and appointed as judge of New York State courts. He was appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from 1845 to 1872. He concu ...

'' (marble, 1854), New York Bar Association"Horatio Stone, Sculptor." ''The New York Times'', May 30, 1854, p. 2. * ''Bust of

'' (marble, 1854), unlocated. * ''Bust of Sen. Thomas Hart Benton'' (marble, 1858) * ''Bust of a Roman Woman'' (marble, 1860) * ''Bust of Alexander Hamilton'' (marble, 1867), height: , A New York Library * ''Bust of Moses'' (marble, 1867), height: * ''Bust of Dr. William Harvey'' (marble, 1869), height: ,

Jefferson Medical College Thomas Jefferson University is a private research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in its earliest form in 1824, the university officially combined with Philadelphia University in 2017. The university is ...

, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania * ''Bust of Beatrice di Dante'' (marble, 1869) * ''Bust of Frederick P. Stanton'' (marble, 1869), Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas * ''Bust of Corinne'' (medium, year), Union League of New York

Relief works

* ''The Three Marys at the Tomb'' (marble, 1849), Fairchild-Stone monument, Coulter Cemetery, Jackson, New YorkWilliam H. Gerdts, ''American Neo-Classic Sculpture: The Marble Resurrection'' (New York: The Viking Press, 1973), pp. 72-74. * ''Ascension Reliefs'' (medium, 1859), Lanman-Foster monument, Yantic Cemetery, Norwich, Connecticut * ''Portrait bust of Colonel Francis Washburn'' (marble, 1869),

Memorial Hall, Harvard University Memorial Hall, immediately north of Harvard Yard on the Harvard University campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a High Victorian Gothic building honoring Harvard University alumni's sacrifices in defending the Union during the American Civil ...

, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The oval relief panel is located on the west wall of the dining hall. * ''Portrait bust of Justice Roger B. Taney'' (medium, year), unlocatedMary E. Nealy, "Our New Capital: Its Arts," ''The Ladies' Repository'', vol. 49, no. 6 (June 1873), Boston, pp. 460-461.

Federal vases

* ''Philosophy Vase'' (''Ecce Homo''), (bronze, 1868-1871), height: , East Vestibule, U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C.Philosophy Vase
from SIRIS.Federal Vases
from Architect of the Capitol. ** A marble version was listed in a Stone obituary. * ''Invention Vase'' (''Freedom''), (bronze, 1868-1871), height: , East Vestibule, U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C.Invention Vase
from SIRIS. ** A marble version was listed in a Stone obituary. * ''Republic Vase'' (bronze, 1868-1871), height: ,

, Claremont, California.Republic Vase
from SIRIS.

Life and career

Landscape design

Arts advocate

Civil War

U.S. Capitol

Statues

Federal vases

Samuel Morse monument

Personal

Obituary

Selected works

Statues

Portrait busts

Relief works

Federal vases

References

Further reading