Horatio Hackett Newman (March 19, 1875 – August 29, 1957) was an American zoologist and geneticist who taught at the

University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or UChi) is a Private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Its main campus is in the Hyde Park, Chicago, Hyde Park neighborhood on Chicago's South Side, Chic ...

. Along with Frank Rattray Lillie and Charles M. Child, he is credited with building the University of Chicago's

zoology Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the anatomy, structure, embryology, Biological classification, classification, Ethology, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinction, extinct, and ...

department into one of the best respected departments of its kind. Newman is also recognized for his research on

multiple birth A multiple birth is the culmination of a multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother gives birth to two or more babies. A term most applicable to vertebrate species, multiple births occur in most kinds of mammals, with varying frequencies. Such births ...

s in

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

s and other animal species. This included research conducted on human

twin Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.MedicineNet > Definition of Twin Last Editorial Review: 19 June 2000 Twins can be either ''monozygotic'' ('identical'), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two ...

s with Karl Holzinger and Frank N. Freeman, which led to the publication of their 1937 book ''Twins''. It also led to his book ''Multiple Human Births'', which was published in 1940. That year, ''

Time Time is the continuous progression of existence that occurs in an apparently irreversible process, irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequ ...

'' reported, "In the U.S. there are at least 2,000,000 people who are twins, triplets or quadruplets. The man who gets asked most about them is Geneticist Horatio Hackett Newman of the University of Chicago." Newman was also an outspoken defender of

evolution Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, re ...

, and traveled to

Dayton Dayton () is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of cities in Ohio, sixth-most populous city in Ohio, with a population of 137,644 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The Dayton metro ...

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

to testify as an

expert witness An expert witness, particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, is a person whose opinion by virtue of education, training, certification, skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as ...

at the Scopes Monkey trial in 1925. He was not permitted to testify in the trial, so his remarks were entered into the court's records instead.

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* * 1875 births 1957 deaths 20th-century American zoologists People from Russell County, Alabama University of Chicago alumni University of Michigan faculty University of Texas at Austin faculty University of Chicago faculty American geneticists {{US-zoologist-stub